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Explicit Cursors
The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns a multiple row, you can explicitly declare the cursor to process the rows. Furthermore, you can declare a cursor in the declarative part of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package.
You use 3 commands to control the cursor: OPEN, FETCH, & CLOSE. At First, you initialize the cursor with the OPEN statement that identifies the result set. Then, you use the FETCH statement to recover the first row. You can execute FETCH frequently until all rows have been retrieved. When the final row has been processed, you discharge the cursor with the CLOSE statement. You can process few queries in parallel by declaring and opening the multiple cursors.
Recursive Subprograms The recursive subprogram is the one that calls itself. Think of a recursive call as a call to a few other subprograms that does the similar task as your
%ISOPEN The %ISOPEN yields TRUE if its cursor or cursor variable is open; or else, the %ISOPEN yields FALSE. In the illustration, you use the %ISOPEN to select an action:
Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
Role of Abstraction in pl/sql: The abstraction is a high-level description or model of a real-world entity. The Abstractions keep our daily lives convenient. They help us ca
Accessing Attributes: You can refer to an attribute only by its name not by its position in the object type. To access or modify the value of an attribute, you can use the dot
Restriction and AND - SQL Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed u
Implicit Cursor Attributes The Implicit cursor attributes returns the information about the execution of an INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, or SELECT INTO statement. The cursor attribu
Existential Quantification - SQL Existential quantification-stating that something is true of at least one object under consideration-can be expressed by OR(r,c), meaning tha
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
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