Declarations in sql-pl/sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Declarations in SQL

Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.

 

You can declare the variables and constants in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, package, or subprogram. The Declarations allocate the storage space for a value, state its datatype, and name the storage location and hence, you can reference it.

 

A couple of examples are shown below:

 

birthday DATE;

emp_count SMALLINT := 0;

The first declaration names a variable of the type DATE. The second declaration names a variable of the type SMALLINT and uses the assignment operator to assign an initial value of zero to the variable.

 

The example next show that the expression following the assignment operator can be arbitrarily complex and can refer to the earlier initialized variables:

 

pi REAL := 3.14159;

radius REAL := 1;

area REAL := pi * radius**2;

 

By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. So, these declarations are equal:

 

birthday DATE;

birthday DATE := NULL;

 

In the declaration of a constant, the keyword CONSTANT should precede the type of the specifier, as the example below shows:

 

credit_limit CONSTANT REAL := 5000.00;

 

This declaration names a constant of the type REAL and assigns an initial value of 5000 to the constant. The constant must be initialized in its declaration. Or else, you get a compilation error whenever the declaration is elaborated. (The procedure of a declaration by the PL/SQL compiler is known as the elaboration.)


Related Discussions:- Declarations in sql-pl/sql

Cursor variables, Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable...

Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene

Order of evaluation-pl/sql expressions , Order of Evaluation When you do...

Order of Evaluation When you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below: NOT

Using not null-declarations in sql, Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an ...

Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca

Conditionals - sql, Conditionals - SQL At first sight SQL does not app...

Conditionals - SQL At first sight SQL does not appear to have a single operator for expressing logical implication. In this respect it would be in common with most programming

Scope and visibility- pl/sql, Scope and Visibility The References to an ...

Scope and Visibility The References to an identifier are resolved according to its visibility and scope. The scope of an identifier is that area of a program unit (subprogram, b

In operator-comparison operators, IN Operator The operator IN tests the ...

IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do

Semidifference via not in and a subquery , Semidifference via NOT IN and a ...

Semidifference via NOT IN and a subquery SELECT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Devinder' AND StudentId NOT IN (SELECT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON WHER

Exit-when - iterative control, EXIT-WHEN The EXIT-WHEN statement permits...

EXIT-WHEN The EXIT-WHEN statement permits a loop to complete conditionally. Whenever the EXIT statement is encountered, the condition in the WHEN clause is computed. When the co

Sql, Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ev...

Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,

Processing transactions, Processing Transactions This part describes ho...

Processing Transactions This part describes how to do the transaction processing. You learn the fundamental techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database, involvin

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd