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The DNA of a bacterial cell,such as Escherichia coli is a circular double-stranded molecule often referred to as the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA is packaged into a area of the cell called as the nucleoid where it is organized into 50 or so loops or domains which are bound to a central protein scaffold attached to the cell membrane. Above figure illustrates these industries, though only six loops are shown for clarity. Within this structure the DNA is in fact not a circular double-stranded DNA molecule like as that shown in fig. but is negatively supercoiled, which is, it is twisted upon itself and is also completed with several DNA-binding proteins, the most common of that are proteins HU, H-NS and HLP-1. These are histone-like proteins.
Figure: (a) The association of circular bacterial DNA with a protein scaffold; (b) a circular double-stranded DNA molecule; (c) supercoiled DNA.
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