Question

What is meaning of washers while using bolts?

Answer

Purpose of installing washers in a classic bolting system is to distribute loads under bolt heads and nuts by as long as a larger area under stress. Or else, bearing stress of bolts can go beyond bearing strength of linking materials and this leads to loss of preload of bolts and creeping of supplies. Otherwise, flanged fasteners in its place of using washers can be adopted to achieve similar purpose.