Q. What are astigmatism and presbyopia?

Presbyopia is the visual impairment in which there is loss of the cililary muscle strength thus reducing the ability of the crystalline lens to adjust images of near objects onto the retina. In presbyopia the near point of vision becomes more distant and the disease generally occurs in old people.

Astigmatism is caused by irregular shape of the refractive structures, generally the cornea. In astigmatism a single object-point may produce more than one image onto the retina so the vision becomes distorted.