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Water loss during excretion
In terrestrial animals body water is also lost during excretion of nitrogenous wastes. A number of physiological adaptations have taken place to minimise the loss of water associated with this phenomena. You have learnt in the previous Unit that among terrestrial invertebrates, insects are highly effective in conserving water.
In terrestrial vertebrates, kidney is the chief organ of osmoregulation and excretion. The loop of Henle is the specialised part of the nephron which produces hyperosmotic urine. Amphibians and reptiles which are unable to produce a hyperosmotic urine, as an adaptive consequence, cease urine production entirely during the period of osmotic stress.
Glands - 1 . SEBACEOUS GLAND - Absent in palm and sole. Holocrine in nature. Branched, alveoli are present, sac like in appearance. Generally attached to fo
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How plants use the pattern of changes in day/night length to solve the paradox that day length is equal twice a year. Plants possess the ability to balance the daily changes in
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