Voltage divider bias:

The voltage divider is made by using external resistors R₁ and R₂. The voltage beyond than R₂ forward biases the emitter junction. Via proper selection of resistors R₁ and R₂, the operating point of the transistor can be prepared independent of β. In this type of circuit, the voltage divider holds the base voltage fixed independent of base current given by the divider current is large as compared to the base current. Though, even with a fixed base voltage, collector current changes with temperature thus an emitter resistor is added to stabilize the Q-point, identical to the above circuits with emitter resistor.

In this circuit the base voltage is provided by:

V_B = voltage across R₂

= V_cc (R₂) / (R₁+R₂) - I_B (R₁R₂) / (R₁+R₂)

 ≈ V_cc (R₂) / (R₁+R₂) provided I_B << I₂ = V_B /R₂

Also

V_B = V_be + I_ER_E

For the given circuit,