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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
What are 3 good practices of modeling and/or implementing data warehouses?
Left and Right Joins LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used when you want to retrieve the data from the main table (table1) even if there is no match in other tables (table_2, table_3...
Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can be expressed in Tutorial D by p = q and the same is true of SQL. The question then arises as to whether, in SQL, p = q is equiv
Pl/sql Conditional Control: IF statements Frequently, it is necessary to take the alternative actions depending on the circumstances. The IF statement execute a series of statem
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no
LOOP Statements The LOOP statements execute a series of statements at multiple times. The loops enclose the series of statements that is to be repeated. The PL/SQL provides typ
If two relations R and S are joined, then the non matching tuples of both R and S are ignored in __________________.
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