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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Declaring Exceptions The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an excep
Definition of CROSS JOIN - SQL Let s = t1 CROSS JOIN t2, where t1 and t2 are table expressions optionally accompanied by range variables. Then: Note: Here T denotes Table
Keyword & Parameter Description: boolean_expression: This is an expression which yields the Boolean value that is TRUE, FALSE, & NULL. character_expression: This
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
Aggregate Assignment The %ROWTYPE declaration cannot include an initialization clause. Though, there are two ways to assign values to all fields in a record at once. At First, t
Why Use Cursor Variables ? Primarily, you use the cursor variables to pass the query result sets between the PL/SQL stored subprograms and different clients. Neither PL/SQL nor
Opening a Cursor Variable The OPEN-FOR statement relates a cursor variable with the multi-row query, executes the query, and then identifies the result set. The syntax for ope
Obtaining a natural join by specifying the common columns Synatax: SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON USING ( StudentId ) However, a named columns join doe
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Pl/SQL Expressions The Expressions are constructed by using the operands and operators. An operand is a constant, literal, variable, or function call which contributes a value
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