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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Dynamic SQL: The Most PL/SQL programs do a predictable, specific job. For illustration, a stored procedure may accept an employee number and salary increase, and then update t
Declaring a Cursor The Forward references are not allowed in the PL/SQL. Therefore, you must declare a cursor before referencing it in other statements. Whenever you declare a
Anatomy of a Table: Figure shows the terminology used in SQL to refer to parts of the structure of a table. As you can see, SQL has no official terms for its counterpa
Primary Key - SQL A PRIMARY KEY specification carries an implicit NOT NULL constraint on each column of the specified key. When more than one key constraint is required, the k
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is logical, opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields FALSE if the last fetch returned a row, or TRUE when the final fetch failed to return a row. I
Effects of NULL for Table Expression Here's an important distinction between expressions denoting tables and expressions denoting multisets of rows: a table expression cannot
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
Table Literals - SQL One might expect SQL to support table literals in the manner illustrated in Example 2.2, but in fact that is not a legal SQL expression. Example: Not a
Data Types in SQL SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates
Structure of an Object Type: Similar to package, an object type has 2 parts: the specification and the body. The specification is the interface to your applications; it declar
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