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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Rephrase Conditional Control Statements When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as s
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
different lock modes used in the locking system
Name Resolution In potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g.
Operators on Tables and Rows Row Extraction TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column.
Nested Tables versus Index-by Tables The Index-by tables and nested tables are just similar. For e.g. They have similar structure and their individual elements are accessed in
Architecture The PL/SQL run-time system and compilation is a technology, not an independent product. Consider this technology as an engine that compiles and executes the PL/SQL
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
ALTER TABLE bb_basketitem ADD CONSTRAINT bitems_qty_ck CHECK (quantity BEGIN INSERT INTO bb_basketitem VALUES (88,8,10.8,21,16,2,3); END; Brewbean’s wants to add a check
Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements
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