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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
UNION without CORRESPONDING - SQL The use of UNION without CORRESPONDING. Example is merely by omitting CORRESPONDING, but only because the operands have identical SELECT clau
DBMS_OUTPUT: The Package DBMS_OUTPUT enables you to display output from the PL/SQL subprograms and blocks, that makes it easier to test and debug them. The procedure put_ line
Implicit Rollbacks Before execute the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the Oracle marks an implicit savepoint . When the statement fails, the Oracle rolls back to the save
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
Cursor Attributes The Cursors and cursor variables have 4 attributes which give you helpful information about the execution of a data manipulation statement. Syntax:
Example of DELETE - SQL As with UPDATE, a FOR PORTION OF clause can be specified if the target table has a defined period name, as illustrated in Example. Example: Deleting
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