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Using %TYPEThe %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable:credit REAL(7,2);debit credit%TYPE;The Variables declared using %TYPE is treated such as those declared using a datatype specifier. For example, given the earlier declarations, the PL/SQL treats debit such as REAL (7, 2) variable. The later example shows that a %TYPE declaration can involve an initialization clause:balance NUMBER(7,2);minimum_balance balance%TYPE := 10.00;The %TYPE attribute is mainly useful when declaring a variable which refer to a database columns. You can reference a table & column, or you can reference an owner, column, table, and as inmy_dname scott.dept.dname%TYPE;Using the %TYPE to declare my_dname has two merits. Firstly, you do not require knowing the exact datatype of dname. Secondly, when the database definition of the dname changes, the datatype of my_dname change accordingly at the run time.
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Object Type: The object type is a user-defined composite datatype which encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data
Extension and AND in SQL The theory book gives the following simple example of relational extension in Tutorial D: EXTEND IS_CALLED ADD ( FirstLetter ( Name ) AS Initial )
What is Cursors how to use it in Real time application ?
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
Assignments in pl/sql The Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered. By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unle
BEGIN Parameter Description in pl sql: BEGIN: This keyword signals the beginning of the executable section of a PL/SQL block, that contains executable statements. The execut
Using SAVEPOINT The SAVEPOINT names and marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK TO statement, the savepoints undo parts of a transac
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
How do I display usernames for students from a student table, assigning each student a username initials001 (initials is the actual student initials), and if the students initials
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