Projection and existential quantification - sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Projection and Existential Quantification - SQL

Intuitively it might seem that projection in SQL is simply a matter of specifying the required columns in the SELECT clause, as in Example.

Example: Projection (incorrect)

Student StudentId is enrolled on some course.

SELECT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON

Unfortunately, though, if some student is currently enrolled on more than one course (as indeed student S1, Anne, is in our example database), then the row giving that student's id appears twice in the result, which because of that duplicate appearance does not represent a relation. To avoid multiple appearances of the same row SQL requires you to write the word DISTINCT. (The key word ALL can be given instead of DISTINCT, clarifying that duplicate rows are not to be eliminated. As ALL is the default option).


Related Discussions:- Projection and existential quantification - sql

Inner join, Inner Join We have learned how to retrieve data from one t...

Inner Join We have learned how to retrieve data from one table by using SELECT statement. But, as we have learned, normalized relational databases mean the data is spread betw

Sql query for testing triggers and stored procedures , Description: Dem...

Description: Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writing and thoroughly testing triggers and stored procedures associated with an e-commerce application that pr

Delete statement - syntax, DELETE Statement The DELETE statement elimin...

DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:

Avoiding collection exceptions, Avoiding Collection Exceptions   In ma...

Avoiding Collection Exceptions   In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b

Type versus representation confusion in sql, Type versus Representation Con...

Type versus Representation Confusion in SQL This describes how a value might have two or more distinct representations. For example, user-defined type POINT might have a decla

Need azure crm web application with authentication, Need Azure CRM Web Appl...

Need Azure CRM Web Application with two-factor authentication We presently have a CRM-like database stored on MS Azure that we presently access over an MS Access application. It

Biconditional - sql, Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can b...

Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can be expressed in Tutorial D by p = q and the same is true of SQL. The question then arises as to whether, in SQL, p = q is equiv

Varrays versus nested tables, Varrays versus Nested Tables The Nested ta...

Varrays versus Nested Tables The Nested tables are differing from varrays in the following ways: 1)  Varrays have a maximum size, while nested tables do not. 2)  Varrays are

Cursor variables, What Are Cursor Variables  ? The Cursor variables ar...

What Are Cursor Variables  ? The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, decl

Exception handling, Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or erro...

Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd