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Using AliasesThe Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example below, you use an alias known as the wages:-- available online in file ’examp4’DECLARECURSOR my_cursor ISSELECT sal + NVL(comm, 0) wages, ename FROM emp;my_rec my_cursor%ROWTYPE;BEGINOPEN my_cursor;LOOPFETCH my_cursor INTO my_rec;EXIT WHEN my_cursor%NOTFOUND;IF my_rec.wages > 2000 THENINSERT INTO temp VALUES (NULL, my_rec.wages, my_rec.ename);END IF;END LOOP;CLOSE my_cursor;END;
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
Anatomy of a Command Figure, showing a simple SQL command, is almost identical to its counterpart in the theory book. The only difference arises from the fact that SQL uses a
"Not Enforced" Table Constraints A constraint that is not enforced is not really a constraint within the meaning of the act, but SQL does have such a concept and it needs to b
BETWEEN and NOT BETWEEN Operator in SQL Example: Restricting exam marks to between 0 and 100 CREATE ASSERTION Marks_between_0_and_100 CHECK (NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM
Varrays versus Nested Tables The Nested tables are differing from varrays in the following ways: 1) Varrays have a maximum size, while nested tables do not. 2) Varrays are
PRIMARY KEY: PRIMARY KEY indicates that the table is subject to a key constraint, in this case declaring that no two rows in the table assigned to ENROLMENT can ever have the
Wrapping and unwrapping in SQL Operators WRAP and UNWRAP in connection with attributes whose declared types are tuple types. Example shows how extension and projection can be
Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The
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