Overcoming these difficulties is urgent. New instrumentation and measurement process, coupled with a developing computational infrastructure, give both a flood of data and the promise of ways to deal with them. The biological problems are pressing by their sheer scientific importance and due to of their consequences for national health and security. For most of these complex and multifaceted biological problems, mathematics and statistics give the only framework for formulation, understanding, prediction, and synthesis that provide a hope for advancement. Decisions made today will have a long-term impact. Developing trained individuals does not happen overnight: pipeline delays can take decades.