Stages of Research Process:

Planning Stage The planning stage of research process  includes a  series of  interdependent steps consisting of

1)  conceptualizatioq of  the research problem,

(ii) review of literature,

(iii) development of  a conceptual  framework, and

(iv) the  research design.

Although many of these stepsare different in  their purpose they overlap in time  so that several steps are being  carried on at the  same time. For example, "review  of literature" is usually carried out at the  time  of conceptualization of reskarch problem,  development of conceptual framework and also while planning research  design. 

Conceptualization of  research problem may include several activities, such as stating the problem, defining objectives, purposes and terms to be used  in the  study. The  research design further includes steps taken  in  selecting research method  (or approach) and  sample; planning  for data collection, data processing, data analysis and  interpretation. Pilot study tests the feasibility of the design. Therefore, it can be  seen that all the steps of planning stage comes before  any data are collected. 

Implementing Phase:

The implementing phase  involves mainly the collection of data and  analysis of data, through descriptive or inferential statistics, and the interpretation of  the results. In  research the investigator collects the data that are reliable and valid by using various techniques such as questioning, observation or measurement.  If you'have a question that asks:  "how  does one know that the questionnaire will measure what it  intends to measure and that  it measures accurately",  you  are then  asking for validity and reliability.