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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Explicit Cursor Attributes The cursor variable or each cursor has four attributes: %FOUND, %ISOPEN, %ROWCOUNT, and %NOTFOUND. When appended to the cursor or cursor variable, th
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
Defining and Declaring Collections To create the collections, you must define a collection type, and then declare the collections of that type. You can define the VARRAY types a
Use Serially Reusable Packages To help you to manage the use of memory, the PL/SQL gives the pragma SERIALLY_ REUSABLE that mark some packages as serially reusable . So mark
At times, Brewbean's has changed the id number for existing products. In the past, they have had to add a new product row with the new id to the BB_PRODUCT table, modify all the co
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
Effects of NULL for union - SQL The treatment of NULL in invocations of EXCEPT is as for UNION. This is different from its treatment in those of NOT IN and quantified compari
Using a join on 2 tables, select all columns and 10 rows from the 2 tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 E JOIN STAFF S ON E.EMP_
Pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL: Passing Nulls: Assume that you want to pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL statement. For illustration, you may write the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
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