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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that a collection presently contains. For instance, when a varray projects contains 15 elements, then the following IF con
Comparison Operators Usually, you use the comparison operators in the WHERE clause of a data manipulation statement to form the predicates, that compare one expression to anot
Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no
Example of Check Constraints Example: Workaround for when subqueries not permitted in CHECK constraints CREATE FUNCTION NO_MORE_THAN_20000_ENROLMENTS ( ) RETURNS BOOLEAN
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Example of NOT EXISTS Operator - SQL Example is a translation into SQL of the corresponding example, which is included there merely to show that for any scalar comparison the
Parameter Modes To define the behavior of formal parameters you use the parameter modes. The 3 parameter modes, IN, OUT, & IN OUT, can be used with any subprogram. Though, a
Benefit of the dynamic SQL: This part shows you how to take full benefit of the dynamic SQL and how to keep away from some of the common pitfalls. Passing the Names of Sc
DBMS: The answer to this question is of course given in of the theory book. This book is concerned with SQL DBMSs and SQL databases in particular. Soon we will be looking a
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
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