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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Forward Declarations The PL/SQL needs that you declare an identifier before using it. And hence, you should declare a subprogram before calling it. For illustration, the decla
Enrolment was split - SQL Example shows how relvars IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON can be derived from the original ENROLMENT relvar, using projection in the initial assignment
Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
a. Create a table odetails_new. It has all the attributes of odetails and an additional column called cost, whose values are the product of the quantity and price of the part bein
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
Closing a Cursor Variable The CLOSE statement disables the cursor variable. After that, the related result set is undefined. The syntax for the same is as shown below: CLOS
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