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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Effects of NULL Operator As a general rule-but not a universal one-if NULL is an argument to an invocation of a system-defined read-only operator, then NULL is the result of t
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Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
Multiset types - SQL An SQL multiset is what in mathematics is also known as a bag-something like a set except that the same element can appear more than once. The body of an
Example of NOT EXISTS Operator - SQL Example is a translation into SQL of the corresponding example, which is included there merely to show that for any scalar comparison the
Parameter and Keyword Description: cursor_name: This identifies an explicit cursor formerly declared within the present scope. cursor_variable_name: These identif
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_divide then d
Indeterminacy in SQL Some SQL expressions are actually not function invocations at all in the mathematical sense, being indeterminate-invocations operating on identical input
Operators on Tables and Rows Row Extraction TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column.
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