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Retroviral method: A retrovirus is a virus that carries its genetic material in the form of RNA rather than DNA. In this method retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell, resulting in a chimera, an organism consisting of tissues or parts of diverse genetic constitution. Chimeras are inbred for as many as 20 generations until homozygous (carrying the desired transgene in every cell) transgenic offsprings are born. The method was successfully used in 1974 when a simian virus was inserted into mice embryos, resulting in mice carrying this DNA. In retroviral method, 8-cell stage embryo is removed and infected by virus carrying foreign gene. The retroviral is made defective in such a way that, it can effectively penetrate cells without replication. The transformed embryo is then implanted back in foster mother. After birth, the matings are carried out to establish transgenic line. Although retrovirus is a good choice as a vector, it can carry only a limited size of the foreign DNA.
What is parasitism? Parasitism is the ecological interaction in which a being lives at the expense of another. The parasite often does not cause immediate death of the host sin
Why is genetic homozygosity dangerous to a nearly extinct species? Genetic homozygosity leaves no variation for natural selection to act on. Thus, a new disease could wipe
a soil surface of 10cm2 may contain what type of hyphae?
Explain Brown fat and white adipose tissue - energy balance? There are two kinds of adipose tissue - Brown Fat is located around the shoulder blades and kidneys, constituting 1
Relationship of Ecology with Other Disciplines of Biology In order to understand the scope and relevance of ecology let us consider its position in relation to other biological
Q. Pathology of aortic regurgitation? In Post Inflammatory situations scarring and retraction of valve cusps lead to aortic regurgitation. Varying degrees of commissural fusion
Primary producers - Biotic Components The major primary producers of aquatic ecosystems (freshwater and marine) are various species of algae. In terrestrial ecosystems the ma
Cytoplasmic bridge formed during the conjugation of paramoec: The two paramoecia that undergo conjugation are called conjugants. During conjugation, the two conjugants com
notes on urea
Transcription in eukaryotes, a much more complex procedure than in prokaryotes. In the eukaryotes, translation and transcription take place in several cellular compartments that ar
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