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Retroviral method: A retrovirus is a virus that carries its genetic material in the form of RNA rather than DNA. In this method retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell, resulting in a chimera, an organism consisting of tissues or parts of diverse genetic constitution. Chimeras are inbred for as many as 20 generations until homozygous (carrying the desired transgene in every cell) transgenic offsprings are born. The method was successfully used in 1974 when a simian virus was inserted into mice embryos, resulting in mice carrying this DNA. In retroviral method, 8-cell stage embryo is removed and infected by virus carrying foreign gene. The retroviral is made defective in such a way that, it can effectively penetrate cells without replication. The transformed embryo is then implanted back in foster mother. After birth, the matings are carried out to establish transgenic line. Although retrovirus is a good choice as a vector, it can carry only a limited size of the foreign DNA.
There are 3 types of DNA sequences. Genomic DNA comes from the genome and haves both genes and extragenic material. cDNA is reverse transcribed from mRNA and corresponds only
Infective Endocarditis : All patients with prosthetic valve come under the high-risk category for endocarditis. They need prophylactic antibiotics if any procedure, which is like
Define e-PTFE suture material The e-PTFE suture material is a nonabsorbable monofilament that has high tensile strength, good handling properties, and good knot security, but
Explain Endonucleases Endonucleases are nucleases present in the pancreatic juice like RNAase andDNAase. These hydrolyze internal phosphodiester bonds which are located m
Advantages of Insulin Pen - More convenient and easier to transport than traditional vial and syringe. - More accurate doses. - Easier to use for those with visual or fin
Define Essentiality of Nitrogen for Growth of Micro-Organism? Nitrogen is an essential atom in certain cellular macromolecules, e.g. amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, enzymes,
Temperature - Aquatic Habitats The water temperature changes less rapidly than the temperature of air because water has a considerably higher specific heat than air, that is l
Formation of pronuclei : Information of pronuclei, micronucles which is one of the conjugants, plays an important role. Micronucleus undergoes meiosis and forms four haplo
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Osmoregulation in Protozoans Osmoregulation or water balance in protozoa is accomplished by contractile vacuoles. One to several contractile vacuoles may be present within the
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