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Retroviral method: A retrovirus is a virus that carries its genetic material in the form of RNA rather than DNA. In this method retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell, resulting in a chimera, an organism consisting of tissues or parts of diverse genetic constitution. Chimeras are inbred for as many as 20 generations until homozygous (carrying the desired transgene in every cell) transgenic offsprings are born. The method was successfully used in 1974 when a simian virus was inserted into mice embryos, resulting in mice carrying this DNA. In retroviral method, 8-cell stage embryo is removed and infected by virus carrying foreign gene. The retroviral is made defective in such a way that, it can effectively penetrate cells without replication. The transformed embryo is then implanted back in foster mother. After birth, the matings are carried out to establish transgenic line. Although retrovirus is a good choice as a vector, it can carry only a limited size of the foreign DNA.
Closed Mitral Valvotomy : This has been 1-eplaced by balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) in most centres. It is done in cases of either pure mitral stenosis or with .triv
Q. What are biopolymers? Polymers are macromolecules made by the union of several smaller identical molecules, called monomers. Biopolymers are polymers present in the living b
Mineral biofortification of plants One sustainable agricultural approach to reducing the mineral deficiencies in livestock animals is to enrich major staple food crops (rice,
Arteries - Circulation The arteries deliver blood from the heart. Figure shows the structure of arteries and the different layers of the vessel wall. The thick walls of these
How do organisms adjust to changes in temperature? Some of the most ordinary way for an organism to adjust to changes in body temperature is by perspiration or panting.
Is viruses classified as living organism? If yes/no why
Synthesis of fatty acids requires the movement of citrate out of the mitochondria. This occurs under conditions of high levels of acetyl CoA which is needed to stimulate the activi
Classify biomaterials and list some examples. Biologic classification is based on tissue response and systemic toxicity effects of the implant and is divided into three classes
Where does Calvin cycle take place in chloroplast? Explain the cycle. a) Where is electron transport system operative in mitochondria? b) Explain the system highlighting the
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