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Retroviral method: A retrovirus is a virus that carries its genetic material in the form of RNA rather than DNA. In this method retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell, resulting in a chimera, an organism consisting of tissues or parts of diverse genetic constitution. Chimeras are inbred for as many as 20 generations until homozygous (carrying the desired transgene in every cell) transgenic offsprings are born. The method was successfully used in 1974 when a simian virus was inserted into mice embryos, resulting in mice carrying this DNA. In retroviral method, 8-cell stage embryo is removed and infected by virus carrying foreign gene. The retroviral is made defective in such a way that, it can effectively penetrate cells without replication. The transformed embryo is then implanted back in foster mother. After birth, the matings are carried out to establish transgenic line. Although retrovirus is a good choice as a vector, it can carry only a limited size of the foreign DNA.
Physical Concepts of Plant Water Relation - Osmosis Osmosis is a special case of diffusion. Here, the movement of water (solvent) takes place from a region of higher c
Define Sweetness as a Function of Sugar? Sweetness is the most recognized functional property of sweeteners. Our preference for sweetness, regarded as innate, is apparent soon
Some plants and animals originate food contain toxic substances. Some pulses and legumes contain a number of toxic substances such as protease inhibitors, lathyrogens, and flavism
Explain the History of Nutrition? Knowledge of human nutritional needs and relationship between diet and health was placed on a modern scientific footing only since the 19th ce
Which organs of the body are part of the human digestive system? The digestive system, also called as "systema digestorium", or gastrointestinal system, is composed of the dige
In hormonal terms why does menses occur? Menses is the endometrial monthly desquamation that happens as the estrogen and progesterone levels fall after the regression of the co
Proteins of Animal Origin - Fish Fish: The edible portion is skeletal muscles of the body. Even though the skeletal muscles of different animals are basically similar, fish spe
Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell? A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA B) using fewer kinds of tRNA C) having only
Determine the term - Epilepsy In epilepsy, a person suffers from recurrent seizures of various types that register on an electroencephalogram and are associated with disturbanc
similarity between pisces & mammals about dirhynous condition......
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