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Restriction and AND - SQL
Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed using JOIN and a relation literal. It is useful to show SQL's counterpart of that example, giving the student ids of students named Boris.
Example: joining with a table literal
SELECT DISTINCT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL JOIN (VALUES ('Boris')) AS T(Name)
The columns of a table literal in SQL are anonymous. When a table literal is an operand in a table expression the only way of assigning names to its columns is by giving them in the definition of a range variable-AS T(Name) in the example.
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
THEORY OF BIOGENESIS - This theory explains that the existing living organisms originated from pre-existing living beings not from non living entities. This concept of or
LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatype to store the variable-length character strings. The LONG datatype is such as the VARCHAR2 datatype, except that the maximum length o
Rollback Behavior When a FORALL statement fails, the database changes are rolled back to an implicit savepoint marked before each of the SQL statement execution. The Changes t
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Advantages of PL/SQL The PL/SQL is a high-performance transaction processing, completely portable language that offers the following advantages as shown: 1) Support for SQL
%TYPE Attribute The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a record, field, nested table, database column, or the variable. You can use the %TYPE attribute as the datatype speci
How Calls Are Resolved? The figure shows that how the PL/SQL compiler resolves the subprogram calls. When the compiler encounters the procedure or function call, it tries to di
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