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Restriction and AND - SQL
Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed using JOIN and a relation literal. It is useful to show SQL's counterpart of that example, giving the student ids of students named Boris.
Example: joining with a table literal
SELECT DISTINCT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL JOIN (VALUES ('Boris')) AS T(Name)
The columns of a table literal in SQL are anonymous. When a table literal is an operand in a table expression the only way of assigning names to its columns is by giving them in the definition of a range variable-AS T(Name) in the example.
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
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Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
Scoping Within the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name.
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
Use Object Types and Collections The Collection types and object types increase your efficiency by allowing for the realistic data modeling. The Complex real-world entities an
Effects of NULL The numeric variable X, perhaps of type INTEGER, might be assigned NULL. In that case the result of evaluating X + 1 is NULL, and so SET Y = X + 1 assigns NULL
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
heap sort program in pl/sql
Literals A literal is an explicit numeric, string, character, or Boolean value not represented by an identifier. Numeric literal 147 and the Boolean literal FALSE are some of
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