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Semidifference via NOT IN and a subquery
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
AND StudentId NOT IN (SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1')
In above Example < > ALL replaces NOT IN and in the absence of NULL has the same effect. It reads, somewhat ambiguously, as "not equal to all". In fact the expression yields TRUE if and only if the condition comparing StudentId values is TRUE for every row in the result of the subquery.
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Joining in SQL Joining IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON in SQL SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED NATURAL JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON This is an example of an SQL table expression. I have been
Control Structures The Control structures are the most important PL/SQL extension to the SQL. Not only does PL/SQL let you manipulate Oracle data, it lets you process the data
Datatypes Every constant and variable has a datatype that specifies the storage format, constraints, and the valid range of values. The PL/SQL gives a variety of predefined dat
IN Mode An IN parameter pass the values to the subprogram being called. Within the subprogram, an IN parameter acts like a constant. And hence, it cannot be assigned a value.
Closing a Cursor Variable The CLOSE statement disables the cursor variable. After that, the related result set is undefined. The syntax for the same is as shown below: CLOS
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
Parameter & Keyword Description: function_name: The user-defined function is identifying by that keyword. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter that
Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
Relational Operators The relational operators permit you to compare randomly complex expressions. The list below provides the meaning of each operator:
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