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WHILE-LOOPThe WHILE-LOOP statement relates a condition with the series of statements enclosed by the keywords LOOP and END LOOP, as shown:WHILE condition LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;Before each of the iteration of the loop, the condition is computed. If the condition is true, then the series of statements is executed, then the control resumes at the top of the loop. When the condition is false or null, the loop is then bypassed and control passes to the next statement. An illustration is shown below:WHILE total <= 25000 LOOP...SELECT sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE...total := total + salary;END LOOP;The number of iterations depends on the condition and is not known until the loop done. The condition is tested at the top of the loop, so the series might execute zero times. In the last illustration, if the initial value of total is bigger than 25000, the condition is false and the loop is bypassed.A few languages have a LOOP UNTIL or REPEAT UNTIL structure, that tests the condition at the bottom of the loop rather than at the top. So, the sequence of the statements is executed at least once. The PL/SQL has no such structure, but you can easily build one, as shown:LOOPsequence_of_statementsEXIT WHEN boolean_expression;END LOOP;To make sure that a WHILE loop executes at least once, then use an initialized Boolean variable in the condition which is as shown below:done := FALSE;WHILE NOT done LOOPsequence_of_statementsdone := boolean_expression;END LOOP;The statement inside the loop should assign a new value to the Boolean variable. Or else, you have an infinite loop. For illustration, the following LOOP statements are logically equal:WHILE TRUE LOOP | LOOP... | ...END LOOP; | END LOOP;
Remote Operations: As the illustration shows below, the PL/SQL subprograms can execute the dynamic SQL statements which refer to the objects on a remote database: PROCEDURE
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Due to an increase in overhead costs, the buying price of all items needs to be increased. Management wants to see a report before deciding how much each product will go up. Add to
At times, Brewbean's has changed the id number for existing products. In the past, they have had to add a new product row with the new id to the BB_PRODUCT table, modify all the co
LIKE Operator You use the LIKE operator to compare the character value to a pattern. The Case is significant. LIKE returns the Boolean value TRUE when the character patterns mat
Positional Notation The first procedure call uses the positional notation. The PL/SQL compiler relates the first actual parameter, account, with the first proper parameter, ac
In Packages The Forward declarations also group logically related subprograms in the package. The subprogram specifications go in the package specification, & the subprogram b
Use of COUNT in SQL It describes and discusses various general methods of expressing constraints, eventually noting that support for "=" with relation operands is sufficient f
Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
On occasion, some of Brewbean's customers mistakenly leave an item out of a basket already checked out, so they create a new basket containing the missing items. However, they requ
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