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A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity?
Integrity simply means to keep the consistency of data. Therefore, integrity constraints in a database make sure that changes made to the database by authorised users do not compromise data consistency. Therefore, integrity constraints do not permit damage to the database.
There are primarily two integrity constraints: the referential integrity constraint and the entity integrity constraint. In order to describe these two, let us first describe the term Key with respect to a Database Management System.
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to apply aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to
Hardware failure : Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and
Lack of standards and experience: The lack of standards has considerably limited the potential of distributed DBMSs. As well, there are no tools or methodologies to help users cha
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Describe the statement in SQL which allows to change the definition of a table? In SQL Alter statement is used to allow the changes the definition of a table.
Define identify relationship? Identifying relationship: An identifying relationship means in which the child table cannot be uniquely recognize without the parent. For exampl
What are deadlocks? How can they be avoided? Ans: Deadlock considers to a particular condition when two or more processes are every waiting for another to release a resource,
What is recursive closure? Why is it not possible to describe this operation in relational algebra? Recursive closure is applied to recursive relationship. An instance of rec
Explain the conventions for displaying an ER schema as an ER diagram? An E-R Diagram scheme might describe certain constraints to that the contents of a database must conform.
Multiple column Queries: Syntax: SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,...... FROM TABLE WHERE (COLUMN1, COL2, ...) IN (SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,.... FROM TABLE WHERE );
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