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What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL?
The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a relational table. Consider there is a relation:
Person(id, name, address, phone)Now to search ids and names of person who do not have a phone is: Select id, name from Person where phone is null
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abs
a brief definition
Explain Data Sublangauges ? Data sublanguage: In relational database theory, the term sublanguage, first used for this purpose through E. F. Codd in the year of 1970, refers t
non numeric literals
What is Collation Collation is a kind of sort order. There are majorly 3 types of sort orders, namely: i.) Dictionary case insensitive ii.)Dictionary - case sensitive
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
A file of employee have 10,000 blocks on a cylinder of a disk with characteristics r=8ms and btt=0.6ms I want to know the cost of read inthe file under following conditions for a q
Analyzing Association Traversal Association Traversal shall be understood properly for the association design explanation. Analyzing association traversal means analyzing tra
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