Refining of petroleum, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

Refining of petroleum:

Petroleum (crude) extracted from earth's crust is an intimate mixture of many organic compounds. Crude petroleum needs to be purified and its components are to be separated. This process of purification of crude petroleum and separation of its constituents into useful products is called refining of petroleum. The process of petroleum refining involves three steps.


1) Separation of water: Crude petroleum consists of salt water mixed with components of petroleum. Water is separated by allowing crude oil to flow between two highly charged electrodes. Water gets separated and settles on electrodes which is later removed.

2) Removal of sulphur compounds: Crude oil free from water is treated with copper oxide sulfur present in crude oil reacts with copper oxide and precipitates copper sulphate which is removed by filtration.

3) Fractionation: The crude oil which is free from water and sulphur is heated to 400°C in an iron tank. All components of crude oil get evaporated leaving behind a residue called 'asphalt' The vapours are passed through a tall, cylindrical fractionating column. Fractionating column contains large number of horizontal stainless steel trays. Each tray consists of a chimney which is covered with a loose cap. The crude oil vapours go up in the fractionating column and the components are cooled and condensed at different heights depending on boiling points of the components. The components with height boiling points are condensed at the lower trays and the components with lower boiling points are condensed at higher trays.
The products obtained after fractionation are
(a) uncondensed gas - used as fuel
(b) petroleum ether - used as solvent
(c) naptha - used as solvent and fuel
(d) kerosene - used as motor fuel
(e) diesel - fuel for diesel engines
(f) heavy oil - as lubricant
(g) residue - as road tar.


Related Discussions:- Refining of petroleum

Benzyl amine in the presence of a weak acidic catalyst, Upon  treatment of ...

Upon  treatment of A with benzyl amine in the presence of a weak acidic catalyst, they obtained mainly the undesired amino alcohol C along with some of the desired product D that c

Describe coordinated octahedral complexes, Q. Describe Coordinated octahedr...

Q. Describe Coordinated octahedral complexes? Six-coordinated octahedral complexes of the type Mubr, Ma 3 b 3 , Ma 3 b 2 c, Ma 3 bcd,  Ma 2 bcd, Ma 2 bcde, Mabcd of would all g

Distillation, Ask question #Minimum 100oo words

Ask question #Minimum 100oo words

Moles, when 100ml of M/10 H2S04 is mixed with 500ml of M/10 NaOH then natur...

when 100ml of M/10 H2S04 is mixed with 500ml of M/10 NaOH then nature of resulting solution and normality of excess of reactant left isum 100 words accepted#

Transitions metal, write a note on the oxide of 3d transition metal

write a note on the oxide of 3d transition metal

Mr. dan, #questio1. Alcohols and amines are both nucleophilic. Explain why ...

#questio1. Alcohols and amines are both nucleophilic. Explain why this reaction occurs to form Benadryl (diphenhydramine)n..

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd