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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files:
The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the relative files. In addition, two other words, namely, the DELETE and START are also available. As observes the OPEN and CLOSE statements, there is no distinction between relative file and sequential disk file.
Example of Open statement: Illustration: The OPEN INPUT TRANSACTION, OLD-MASTER OUTPUT NEW-MASTER. The illustration represents that there are two input files named the
RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE: The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause: (i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record descript
INDEXED TABLES: The OCCURS clause that is used to define tables can optionally have an INDEXED phrase. This phrase involves the names of data items which are to be used as sub
Comparison of the Numeric Operand with Nonnumeric Operand: The numeric operand can be compared to the nonnumeric operand subject to the restrictions which are as follows.
RULES FOR SEARCH VERB: The rules apply for the SEARCH verb is as shown below: (1) The SEARCH verb can be applied only to a table that has the OCCURS clause and INDEXED phra
PROGRAM FOR IF : We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. Identification division. Program- id. Ifst. Environment division.
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
LEVEL NUMBERS: The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure. A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers a
Example of Write statement: Illustration: (i) WRITE TRANS-RECORD AFTER ADVANCING 3 LINES. This WRITE statement specified that the TRANS-RECORD is a record name of a fi
Write a COBOL IF sentence to use the values of numeric variables EXAM and COURSEWORK , both assumed to be with format PIC 999 and in the range 0 to 100 and to move the value:
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