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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files:
The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the relative files. In addition, two other words, namely, the DELETE and START are also available. As observes the OPEN and CLOSE statements, there is no distinction between relative file and sequential disk file.
File- Section &Working-Storage Section: a) FILE SECTION: The FILE SECTION includes the explanation of all data items that must be read from or written onto some external
SPECIAL-NAMES: This paragraph is used to associate some hardware names to the user-specified mnemonic names. This paragraph is elective in all compilers. The format of this pa
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
PROGRAM FOR CONDITION NAMES: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Condition names usage. identification division. program- id. environment division.
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
CONDITIONS-NAME CONDITION: The condition name is an entity which itself is a condition and these can have either a true or false value. Though, a condition name cannot be d
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
Example of Move corresponding: Consider the DATA DIVISION entries shown below. Suppose it is needed that the data stored in the 4 fields of the PAY_REC should be
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
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