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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files:
The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the relative files. In addition, two other words, namely, the DELETE and START are also available. As observes the OPEN and CLOSE statements, there is no distinction between relative file and sequential disk file.
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
DELETE STATEMENT : The file should be opened in the I-O mode. If the access is SEQUENTIAL, the INVALID KEY phrase must be specified. Rather than, the last input-output state
Edit Characters for Numeric Data: The characters below can be used in the PICTURE clause to indicate the editing. Z * $ - + CR DB . , B O /
INPUT AND OUTPUT PROCEDURE IN SORT STATEMENT: The common format of the SORT statement can write as shown below: The format of the RELEASE statement is as shown be
scope of marginal costing
OPEN STATEMENT: Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With
CLOSE statement: The simplified syntax of the CLOSE statement is as shown below: CLOSE file-name-1 [WITH LOCK ] [ , file-
Example of Redefines clause: This illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity (QTY) and UNIT-PRICE. The aim of such
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
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