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PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files:
The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the relative files. In addition, two other words, namely, the DELETE and START are also available. As observes the OPEN and CLOSE statements, there is no distinction between relative file and sequential disk file.
CONDITION - COBOL Programming: The condition is an entity which at one point of time can have only one of the two values - true or false. As we already know that, the IF verb
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
scope of marginal costing
OPEN statement: We know that the processing of a file should start with the execution of an OPEN statement. The file can be opened in any one of the 4 open modes - INPUT, OUTP
Buffers: The Modern computers are able of handling I-O operations independent of the CPU by means of the hardware termed as data channel. For illustration, if two buffers a
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
Occurs Clause: Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and
GO TO, STOP RUN: The GO TO verb is used to completely transfer the control to elsewhere in the program. Its form is as shown below: GO TO procedure-name As a result o
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE SORT VERB: The file for which a record having 2 fields, viz., Account Number and Name is already available. Sort the file based on the ascending order o
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