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You now know that natural seleqtion aims at evolving adaptations of organisms in response to environmental changes in the inanimate world. Also many adaptations arise due to interaction with or as a response to the presence of other organisms in the environment. So far we discussed the evolution of such interactions and adaptations between closely related species which wore or less occupy the same level in the food chain. Such interspecific interactions may also occur between organisms at different lkvels in the food chain. The evolution of adaptations in response to such interactions has been largely responsible for the development of various associations be it commensalism, mutalism, parasitism or predation. For instance, the claws, teeth, speed etc., found in carnivores are adaptations evolved in response to the kind of prey species which makes up their diet. Similarly, the toxins, protective coloration I and chemical warfare devices are the adaptations evolved by the prey species to escape from the evil designs of the predator. Also selection is able to maintain and adjust the rate of reproduction of the prey species to that of predators. In short, interspecific relationships are a direct result of the coordination of the evolution of ecologically related species by the natural selection process. Very interestingly, of the two species that are involved in the evolution of such relationships, each one acts as the mutual agent of selection for the other. It is this process that is known as coevolution. In this section, we shall be analysing prey-predator, plant-herbivore and host-parasite relationships as coevolutionary processes.
Explain the Obligatory Losses of Nutrients? Obligatory losses of nutrient are defined as 'the losses that occur when an individual is put on a diet free of that nutrient'. For
Define Physiological and Socio Psychological Factors - public nutrition? Food related behaviour depends on a combination of biochemical factors, mainly, physiological aspects a
Q. Concerning extracellular digestion what is meant by chemical digestion? Chemical digestion is the series of enzymatic reactions to break macromolecules into smaller ones.
Q. Where in the body is the thyroid gland located? The thyroid is located in the anterior cervical region (frontal neck) in just below the larynx and front of the trachea and i
The ideal clinical conditions of teeth which we know already include: - the absence of pain. - less than 0.1 mm initial hori-ontal mobility under lateral forces of less than
Q Why do protease-supplying cells of the stomach and of the pancreas make only precursors of the active proteolytic enzymes? The stomach and the pancreas make zymogens of the p
GOLGI COMPLEX ( GOLGI APPARATUS = GOLGI BODY) The Nobel laureate, Camilla Golgi (1898) discovered the presence of a special, small group of interconnecting membranous s
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Eucaryotic celIs have two major compartments- nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasm was known to have no structure until the discovery of electron micrsscop
Define the term - lamellac The inner membrane is folded into very closely packed membranes called the lamellac. The lamellae flatten out at regular intervals into structures c
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