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Positional and Named Notation
You can write the actual parameters when calling a subprogram, using either positional or named notation. That is, you can point to the relationship between an actual and formal parameter by the position or name. Therefore, the given declarations are:
DECLARE
acct INTEGER;
amt REAL;
PROCEDURE credit_acct (acct_no INTEGER, amount REAL) IS ...
You can call the procedure credit_acct in 4 logically equal ways:
BEGIN
credit_acct(acct, amt); -- positional notation
credit_acct(amount => amt, acct_no => acct); -- named notation
credit_acct(acct_no => acct, amount => amt); -- named notation
credit_acct(acct, amount => amt); -- mixed notation
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is logical, opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields FALSE if the last fetch returned a row, or TRUE when the final fetch failed to return a row. I
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
Delimiters A delimiter is a simple or compound symbol which has a special meaning to PL/SQL. For example, you use delimiters to symbolize an arithmetic operation like additio
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
EXIT-WHEN The EXIT-WHEN statement permits a loop to complete conditionally. Whenever the EXIT statement is encountered, the condition in the WHEN clause is computed. When the co
Literature review
Rephrase Conditional Control Statements When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as s
Collections: The collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for illustration, the grades for a class of students). Each element has an exclusive subsc
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