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Order of EvaluationWhen you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below:NOT (valid AND done) | NOT valid AND doneWhen the Boolean variables valid and complete the value FALSE, the first expression yields TRUE. Though, the second expression yields FALSE as NOT has a higher precedence than AND. So, the second expression is equivalent to:(NOT valid) AND doneIn the example below, notice that if valid has the value FALSE, the entire expression yields FALSE regardless of the value of done:valid AND doneSimilarly, in the next illustration, when valid has the value TRUE, the entire expression yields TRUE regardless of the value of done:valid OR done
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
Truth Tables: However in propositional logic - here we are restricted to expressing sentences and where the propositions are true or false - so we can check where a particular
Question: (a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system: (i) Authorisation (ii) Access
Pl/sql Conditional Control: IF statements Frequently, it is necessary to take the alternative actions depending on the circumstances. The IF statement execute a series of statem
ROWNUM The ROWNUM returns a number representing the order in which a row was selected from the table. The first row selected has a ROWNUM of 1; the second row has a ROWNUM of
Natural Join - SQL In the absence of NATURAL JOIN Example has to be replaced by something rather more longwinded, as shown in Example. Example: Joining IS_CALLED and IS_EN
SQL Is a Database Language: The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instea
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