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When we download a movie from the Internet, we don't care about, say, packet sizes. However, even ifwe are not aware of howlow-level details of networks are implemented, our data is actually being sent as lots of small packets, some of which might be lost or arrive out of order. Therefore, it is important that the protocols we use guarantee that we won't have to deal with any of these problems. In other words, all we want is a simple interface that solves our problem; this interface for network programming will be provided by the operating system. Some of these abstractions are:
process-to-process communication
remote function calls
security
hosts have human-readable names
ordered, reliable communication
streams of bytes, instead of discrete packets
support for large messages
routing to ?nal destination
independence from the low-level network and hardware details
Internal file structure All disk I/O is performed in units of single block, and all blocks are the similar size. It is unlikely that the physical record size will exactly match
Describe the differences between foreground and background processing. What advantage does background processing provide? 1. Background processes typically run with little or no
Explain the various methods for handling deadlocks. A set of processes is deadlocked if every process in the set is waiting for an event that only a process in the
Clustered file organization A clustered file is also called a B-tree-clustered file is a tree-structured file in which records with adjacent index values are clustered toget
Explain the Advantages and Drawback of Multiple Processes Application architected to take advantage of multiple processes will certainly see performance gains. Functions and Fe
Define the Server Communications Module or SCM The Server Communications Module (SCM) performs many necessary functions. The SCM responsible for establishing, maintaining, and
mention the three problems that mat be caused by wrong initialization and placement of wait() and signal()operations in the use of semaphore
Explain the ExitThread Function used in the Windows NT ExitThread(ExitCode) The ExitThread( ) call is made to end the currently running thread. If the current thread is th
Write in brief on UNIX file structure. UNIX considers every file to be a sequence of 8-bit bytes no interpretation of these bits is made by the operating system. This system pr
Define semaphore A semaphore is a protected abstract or variable data type that constitutes the classic method for restricting access to shared resources like shared memory in
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