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One-to-many: An entity in A is related with any number of entities in B. An entity in B is related with at the most one entity in A.
Example: Relationship between faculty and department.
One department can take on any number of faculty members but a faculty member is assigned to only one department.
Example: Relationship between course and instructor. An instructor can teach several courses but a course can be taught only by one instructor. Please note this is an assumption
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
Need for Client Server Computing- Client/Server (C/S) architecture includes running the application on multiple machines in which every machine with its component software tackles
In the ER diagram, one example of subclassing is depicted following the Services entity. The subclasses Item Based and Time Based are created. The entity Services gains the attribu
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
Define granularity, hierarchy of granularity of locks & multiple granularity locking. Explain the modified two phase locking along with multiple granularity locking. Ans: The s
What is the difference among a primary index and a secondary index? Primary Index: A primary index is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields.
Benefits of Hashed file Organisation 1. Insertion or search on hash-key is quick. 2. Best if equality search is required on hash-key. Drawbacks of Hashed file
What are the disadvantages of file processing system? The drawbacks of file processing systems are a) Data redundancy and inconsistency b) Complexity in accessing data
Problem: ‘Users and Information system specialists need to spend inordinate amounts of time locating and gathering data' (Watson and Hal, 1998) Recent developments in the ar
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
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