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A relation instance indicates as r is a collection of tuples for a given relational schema at a exact point of time.
A relation state r of the relation schema R (A1,A2,..........AN), also denoted by r(R) is a set of n-tuples
r = {t1,t2,............tm}
Where each n-tuple is an ordered list of n values
t = 1,v2,........, vn>
where every vi belongs to domain (Ai) or includes null values.
The relation schema is also known as 'intension' and relation state is also known as 'Extension'.
What is the aim of logical schema ? The main motive of the logical schema is to ensure the portability of procedures and models on various physical schemas at runtime.
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