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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Explain the concept of generalization and aggregation in E_R diagrams. Give one example for each one of them? Generalization: Consider extending the entity set account throug
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
What is a virtual table that draws its data from the result of an SQL SELECT statement? View is a virtual table that draws its data from the result of an SQL SELECT statement.
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
What Count function return in SQL? Count function within SQL returns the number of values. (Count function counts all the not null values in the exact column. If we need to cou
What is banker's algorithm? Banker's algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm that is applicable to a resource-allocation system with multiple instances of each resource ty
What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view might be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is inste
What is the full form of ODBC ? ODBC stands for Open Database Connectivity.
What are the advantages of object oriented databases in comparison with others? Why it is still not widely used? Object oriented designs are coherent, efficient and less prone
Normalize the given relation to 3NF, justifying each step
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