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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Two-way Associations Mostly, associations are travel in both directions, although not usually with same frequency. There are three approaches for the implementation. In
Problem Explain at least five relational algebraic operators with a suitable example. Note: All the above descriptions should be done by taking at least two examples from ou
how to make an e r diagram?
Benefits of using heuristics
Define the concept of Object Diagram An object diagram shows a set of the objects and their relationships with each other at a point of time. In a static view, object diagram
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You are required to implement integrity constraints within the database to enforce the following requirements: For Projects: Start date must be supplied. Start date cannot be i
Describe Database state in details? Database state: The actual data within the database at a particular moment in time is known as a database state.
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
A step-wise distributed database design methodology Following is a step-wise methodology for distributed database design. (1) Examine the nature of distribution. Find out wh
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