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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
What are the advantages of using a DBMS? The benefits of using a DBMS are a) Controlling redundancy b) Restricting unauthorized access c) Giving multiple user interfac
Explain concurrency control? Concurrency control Oracles multiversion concurrency control varies from the concurrency mechanism used by some other data base vendors. Read
Improved availability: The data in a distributed system may be replicated so that it is at more than one site. Thus, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessar
Identification of concurrency Identification of concurrency: Dynamic model identifies concurrency. Two objects are said to be parallel (concurrent) if they can receive events a
System level permissions : With the use of data dictionary you can view them. Let us take the table name as user_sys_privs (used in oracle). DESCRIBE USER_SYS_PRI
Give an example of enforcement in Typing. You can understand the idea of enforcement as it makes sure objects of dissimilar classes may not be interchanged as below: Exampl
Introductory course and so does not require any fancy coding. I will provide a guidance document to help you in producing the solutions.
Define granularity, hierarchy of granularity of locks & multiple granularity locking. Explain the modified two phase locking along with multiple granularity locking. Ans: The s
The Database administrator (DBA) uses the data dictionary in each phase of a database life cycle, beginning from the data gathering phase to the design, execution and maintenance p
draw ER diagram of student entity and course entity where attribute of student entity are student roll, student name, student phone and student address and attribute of course enti
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