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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
Class Diagram A class diagram is required to support functional necessity of system. In a static design view, class diagram is used to model vocabulary of the system, simple c
Consider a systems development project with the following data Activity Duration (weeks) Precedence Relationship 1. Software design
Define functional and multivalued dependencies. Ans: A functional dependency is a assets of the semantics of the attributes in a relation. The semantics point out how at
how to prepare a data dictionary for online examination system for certified courses?
How does Oracle act as ODBC and give examples of front end uses with ODBC? ODBC achieve portability at the level of the executable by introducing an extra level of indirection.
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
Benefits and Limitations od Data Models?
Database Manager It is the interface among low-level data, queries and application programs. Databases typically need a large amount of storage space. It is kept on disks, as
explain in details about one to one binary relationship
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