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The Internal or Physical Level
The collection of files permanently stored on secondary storage devices is called as the physical database. The internal or physical level is the one nearby to physical storage, and it gives a low-level description of the physical database, and an interface among the operating systems file system and the record structures used in higher levels of abstraction. It is at the level that record types and methods of storage are definite, as well as how stored fields are shown, what physical sequence the stored records are in, and what other physical structures exist.
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
what is completeness constrent?
Consider the following relations: S (S#, SNAME, STATUS, CITY) SP (S#, P#, QTY) P (P#, PNAME, COLOR, WEIGHT, CITY) Give an expression within SQL for each of queries b
What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary? Views Match codes Lock objects.
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Explain the term High level DML? High level DML A high-level or non-procedural DML permit the user to specify what data is needed without specifying how it is to be acquired.
Ask Write the SQL code that will create the table structure for a table named EMP _1. This table is a subset of the EMPLOYEE table. The basic EMP_1 table structure is summarized in
XYZ is a large chain of home entertainment rental over 100 stores distributed over all states in Australia. XYZ lends entertainment products such as movies, TV shows and games on v
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
What is an object ID? Each class-derived table has an ID for primary key, one or more object IDs form primary key for association derived tables. An object ID is equivalent dat
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