Occurrence of group 13 element, Chemistry

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Q. Occurrence of group 13 element?

Both boron and aluminium have a high affinity for oxygen, so neither of them is found native. Boron occurs principally in the earth's crust as boric acid, H3B03 and as borates, such as, borax, Na2B407-10H20, kernite, Na2B407.4H20 and colemanite, Ca2B,6011.5H20. Aluminium is the most abundant metal (8.13%) in the earth's crust and is the third most abundant element, next only to oxygen (46.6%) and silicon (27.7%)). It occurs widely in the complex alumino-silicates, such as, clay from which, however, it cannot be extracted economically. The important ores of aluminium are bauxite, Al2,03,-xH20, where x = 1-3, cryolite, Na3Fl6, and  corundum, Al203;. Gallium (1.9 x 10-3%), indium\(2.1 x lod5%) and thallium (7.0  x 105%)) are much less abundant than aluminium. Gallium and indium are found in aluminium and zinc ores. But even the richest sources contain less than 1% gallium and still less indium. Thallium is widely distributed in nature and occurs in sulphide ores of zinc, lead, copper and iron.


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