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Object Types
An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. The variables which form the data structure are known as the attributes. The procedures and functions which characterize the behavior of the object type are known as the methods.
Presently, you cannot define object types within the PL/SQL. They should be CREATED and stored in an Oracle database, where they can be shared by various programs.
When you define an object type (in the SQL*Plus for illustration) using the CREATE TYPE statement, you can create an abstract template for various real-world object. The templates specify only those attributes and behaviors the object will require in the application atmosphere.
The data structure formed by the set of attributes is public. Though, well-behaved programs do not manipulate it directly. Rather than, they use the set of methods provided. In that way, the data is kept in an appropriate state. At the run time, when the data structure is filled with values, you have formed an instance of an object type. You can create as numerous instances (typically known as objects) as you require.
Syntax:
Defining and Declaring Records To create records, you have to define a RECORD type, and then declare records of that type. You may also define RECORD types in the declarative
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
On occasion, some of Brewbean's customers mistakenly leave an item out of a basket already checked out, so they create a new basket containing the missing items. However, they requ
Bulk Fetching The illustration below shows that you can bulk-fetch from a cursor into one or more collections: DECLARE TYPE NameTab IS TABLE OF emp.ename%TYPE; TYPE S
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
SQL Functions The PL/SQL uses all the SQL functions involving the following aggregate functions that summarize the whole columns of the Oracle data: GROUPING, AVG, COUNT, STDDE
Other monadic - SQL In 2VL there are just 4 (2 2 ) monadic operators, of which negation is really the only "useful" one. When a third truth value is introduced we have 27 (3 3
Example of Table Literal - SQL Example: A Table Literal (correct version) VALUES ('S1', 'C1', 'Anne'), ('S1', 'C2', 'Anne'), ('S2', 'C1', 'Boris'), ('S3', 'C3'
Implicit Rollbacks Before execute the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the Oracle marks an implicit savepoint . When the statement fails, the Oracle rolls back to the save
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