Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
NULL Statement
The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a construct allowing the substitute actions, the NULL statements serve as a placeholder. It tells the readers that the related alternative has not been overlooked, but required that no action is necessary. In the following illustration, the NULL statement shows that no action is taken for the unnamed exceptions:EXCEPTIONWHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THENROLLBACK;WHEN VALUE_ERROR THENINSERT INTO errors VALUES...COMMIT;WHEN OTHERS THENNULL;END;Each of the clause in an IF statement should contain at least one executable statement. TheNULL statement is executable; therefore you can use it in clauses that correspond to the circumstances in which no action is taken. In the following illustration, the NULL statements emphasize that only top-rated employees get bonus:IF rating > 90 THENcompute_bonus(emp_id);ELSENULL;END IF;The NULL statement is also a handy way to create stubs when designing the applications from the top down. A stub is dummy subprogram that permits you to defer the definition of a procedure or function till you test and debug the main program. In the following illustration, the NULL statement meets the requirement that at least one statement should appear in the executable part of a subprogram:PROCEDURE debit_account (acct_id INTEGER, amount REAL) ISBEGINNULL;END debit_account;
Example of Foreign Key Constraint Example: Alternative formulation for 6.3 as a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam
Example of Cast Operator So long as CAST is used as shown, we could obtain the total marks for each exam in similar fashion, using SUM (Mark) AS TotalMarks. However, this giv
UNION and OR - SQL SQL supports UNION explicitly but differently from the way it supports JOIN explicitly. As we have seen, JOIN is used exclusively within the FROM clause, su
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
Indeterminacy in SQL Some SQL expressions are actually not function invocations at all in the mathematical sense, being indeterminate-invocations operating on identical input
Recursive Subprograms The recursive subprogram is the one that calls itself. Think of a recursive call as a call to a few other subprograms that does the similar task as your
Bulk Fetching The illustration below shows that you can bulk-fetch from a cursor into one or more collections: DECLARE TYPE NameTab IS TABLE OF emp.ename%TYPE; TYPE S
Parameter and Keyword Description: SQL: This SQL is the name of the implicit SQL cursor. %FOUND: This attribute results TRUE if an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE state
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
Table Literals - SQL One might expect SQL to support table literals in the manner illustrated in Example 2.2, but in fact that is not a legal SQL expression. Example: Not a
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd