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These permit the user to unload a database or parts of a database and reload the data on the similar machine, or on another machine in a dissimilar location. This can be useful in many situations, such as for creating backup copies of a database at a definite point in time, or for loading data into a latest version of the database or into an entirely dissimilar database. These load/unload utilities may also be used for reorganizing the data in the database to improve performance, such as clustering data together in a exacting way or reclaiming space occupied by data that has become obsolete.
Reporting/Analysis Utilities:
These are used to report and analyse on the data contained in the database. This may have computing values from data, analysing trends in data or displaying data that meets some particular criteria, and then printing or displaying a report having this information.
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
(a) Provide the description of the following ODMG schema in the Object Definition Language (ODL). (b) Based on the above object database, write the following queries i
intent locking
Define an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities Ans: Aggregation. It is an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level
To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
The result of the UNION operation between R1 and R2 is a relation that includes? The result of the operation between R1 and R2 includes all the tuples of R1 and R2 which have c
What is the use of with clause in SQL? The with clause gives a way of defining a temporary view whose explanation is available only to the query in which the with clause occurs
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
What is the difference between link and reference? The fundamental difference between links and references is that links are symmetrical on the other hand references refer only
The JOIN operation is applied on two relations. When we want to choose related tuples from two given relation join is used. The join operation need that both the joined relations m
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