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Use inheritance as an implementation technique
when you are going to use inheritance as an implementation technique, you can achieve same goal in a safer way by making one class an attribute or associate of other class. In this way, one object could selectively invoke desired functions of another class, by using delegation rather which applying inheritance.
A safer implementation of Stack will delegate to List class as shown in Figure. Every instance of Stack includes a private instance of List. Stack: push operation delegates to list by calling its last and add operations to add the element at the end of list, and the pop operation has a same implementation using last and remove operations. The ability to corrupt stack by adding or removing arbitrary elements is hidden from client of the Stack class.
What are views? Explain how views are different from tables? A view in SQL terminology is a one table in which is derived from other tables. These other tables could be base t
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
Objectives Define the terms RECOVERY and INTEGRITY; Define Recovery Techniques; Explain Error and Error detection techniques, and Define types of Authorisation.
What is a Name? A user-supplied name is used for identity. This form of identity is used for files in file systems. The user gives every file a name that uniquely identifies it
1. Staff (staffID --> availabilityID) 2. Services (servicesID --> itemBasedID --> timedBasedID) 3. TimedBased (timedbasedID--> priceid) 4. Clients (clientId, serviceId-->
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
Advantages of Observation Methods: Bailey has pointed out four advantages of observation: 1. Superior in Data Collection on Non Verbal Behavior: When a person a opi
What are the disadvantages of file processing system? The drawbacks of file processing systems are a) Data redundancy and inconsistency b) Complexity in accessing data
Describe Data Manipulation language ? Data Manipulation Language (DML) - A data manipulation language is a language which enables users to access or manipulate data as organize
E-R model uses this symbol to represent weak entity set ? A Doubly outlined rectangle symbol is used to represent weak entity set.
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