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Define the Two Phase Locking Protocol
This is a protocol that is used to make sure serializability of transactions. This protocol needs that every transaction issue lock and unlock requests in two phases:
Growing Phase: A transaction may acquire locks, but may not release any lock.
Shrinking Phase: A transaction may release locks, but may not acquire any new locks. Basically, a transaction is in growing phase. The transaction obtains locks as required. Just one time the transaction releases a lock, it comes in the shrinking phase, and it can issue no more lock requests. Two-phase locking makes sure conflict serializability, but does not make sure freedom from deadlock.
What is nested relational model? The nested relational model is an extension of relational model in which domains might be either atomic or relation valued.
Consider the subsequent relations for a database which keeps track of business trips of salespersons in a sales office: SALESPERSON (SSN, Name, start_year, Dept_no) TRIP (SSN, Fr
List the requirements needed to design a trigger. The requirements are:- Specifying when a trigger is to be implemented. State the actions to be taken when the trigger im
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what is query processing ,query optimization and performance turring?
Define the term- Actors and Data Stores Actors: An actor is the active object which drives data flow graph by producing or consuming values. Actors are attached to inputs a
Explain the Weak Entity Set An Entity set which does not have sufficient attribute to make a primay key is known as weak entity set. For instance, dependents of an employee in
What is vertical fragmentation? Vertical fragmentation divides the relation by decomposing the scheme R of relation r.
Decompose the table with the following description and functional dependencies into a set of equivalent tables normalized to 3NF or BCNF. A long-standing international treaty am
Heap files (unordered file) Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have
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