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Limitations of File Based System
The file-based system has some limitations. The limitations are listed as follows:
Besides the above, the maintenance of the File Based System is complex and there is no provision for security. Recovery is non-existent or inadequate.
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
Example -Find the employee name, salary, department number and average salary of his/her department, for those employees whose salary is more than the average salary of that depart
Explain the two constraints, check and foreign key in SQL along with an example for each. Give the syntax. CHECK constraint - CHECK constraint specifies an expression which
What is schema
Define deadlock avoidance. An alternative method for avoiding deadlocks is to needs additional information about how resources are to be requested. Each request requires the s
What is system catalog or catalog relation? How is better known as? A RDBMS maintains a explanation of all the data that it contains, information about every relation and index
Differentiate between the object oriented decomposition and the structured decomposition? Process-oriented (structural) decomposition divides a complex process, function or tas
Fundamentals of Database Management 1. Explain the concept of Foreign Key. How a foreign key differs from a Primary Key? Can the Foreign Key accept nulls? 2. With a necess
What is data definition language? Explain it in detail? The SQL DDL allows specification of not only a set of relations, but also information after each relation, containing
Timestamp Ordering Protocol A timestamp is a tag that can be attached to any transaction or any data item, which indicates a specific time on which the transaction or data item
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