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what is query processing?
Define- relational algebra. The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relati
Define object-relational systems? Systems that give object-oriented extensions to relational systems are known as object-relational systems.
What do you understand by a view? What does WITH CHECK OPTION clause for a view do? - A view is a virtual table which comprises fields from one or more real tables. - It is
Compute the closure (F+) for the following set of the functional dependencies defined on R(a,b,c,d), where F - {c→ a, ab → d, a → b, d → c}, i.e. what are all of the FDs implied b
Explain the difference between optimistic locking and pessimistic locking. Optimistic locking supposes no transaction conflict will occur and deals with the consequences if it
brief history,definition,current trends and future trends if any of data fragmentation
Discuss deferred update technique of recovery. What are the advantages? Ans: The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transact
Spanned and unspanned organisation? Spanned and unspanned organization: If records are not permited to cross block boundaries then the organisation is called unspanned record
Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations There are three basic operations to be executes on relations: Insertion Deletion Update The INSER
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