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In real life, the operation of simple multiplier is affected by many leakages. Leakages in the multiplier arise out of the following reasons:(1) Saving: If all the income is spent on consumption, then every increase in investment will raise the level of income. But, if a large proportion of the income is kept as saving, it will certainly have different effect on the intensity of multiplier.(2) Debt Cancellation: If the people use a large proportion of their income in debt repayment, they will have smaller amount of income left for consumption. As a result, marginal propensity to consume falls and the value of multiplier also goes down.(3) Imports: If the imports of a country exceed its exports a large portion of the national income will go to foreigners. Consequently, the multiplier effect of this expenditure is transmitted abroad. In such a situation, any increase in the investment will not increase the level of income in the economy.(4) Price Inflation: When the economic reaches the full employment level or very close to it, every increase in investment will bring about a simultaneous increase in the price level. A large portion of incremental income will be spent in buying costly things; therefore, the intensity of multiplier becomes weak.(5) Liquidity preference: People keep a part of their money income in liquid form. Liquidity preference reduces the present level of consumption of the community; as a result, the multiplier loses its strength.
To overcome the stagnant growth it was experiencing for the past 10-15 years, Japan undertook which of the following measures? Answer Undertook programs to build infrastructure
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The yeild of Maize is 73429 Hg/Ha, I need to translate it into bu/a, and I konw use 56lbs/bu as test weight. Please leave the process so that I know how to do it, thankyou.
What are the Market interest rates The most important interest rates from a macroeconomic perspective are interest rates that the government pays on the loans they use to finan
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The United States Treasury borrows money on behalf of the federal government all the time. One type of the government borrowing, called a treasury bills, promises a fixed payment a
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