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Label Records / Disk Directory:
The most important information stored in the header label is what is termed as the file title. In the situation of magnetic-disk files the labels normally do not exist (there are lots of exceptions). As, more than one file is stored on a disk pack, the Input-Output control system also maintains a disk directory for all the files.
SIMPLE MERGE VERB: Like sorting, the merging of files is often required in different commercial application. It is likely to merge two or more files with the help of one MERGE
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
Occurs Clause: Let us establish tables with the help of an illustration. Assume that there are ten different types of income-tax rates that are read from some input medium and
MERGE VERB WITH OUTPUT PROCEDURE: Like the sort verb, the merge verb can also have an output procedure. The syntax of the MERGE verb is as shown below: The r
FILE DESCRIPTION- FIXED-LENGTH RECORDS: The normal characteristics of a file are explained in the file description (FD) entry of the DATA DIVISION.
what does it used
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - THRU: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...THRU statement Identification division. Program- id. Perfthru. Environment division.
Illustration of nested if statement: Consider the nested sentence which is as shown below: The IF-ELSE pairs in this sentence can be detected by applying the rule whic
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
UPDATING OF THE RELATIVE AND INDEXED FILES: The Sequential files are updated by creating a new master file from an existing old master file and a transaction file. Such an Upda
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