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Hypothermia : Hypothermia reduces the metabolic requirements of the body thereby reducing oxygen consumption. It also preserves high-energy phosphate stores of the body. At normal temperature, if there is circulatory arrest for three minutes, brain suffers hypoxic damage. At 30°C, this period extends up to 10 minutes. If the temperature is brought down to l8°C, this period extends up to 45 minutes. .In 1953, John Lewis used surface hypothermia up to 280C and by inflow occlusion method closed atrial septa1 defect while the heart was arrested for 5.5 minutes. Japanese surgeons started surface cooling followed by short period of core cooling to achieve deep hypothermia (l8°C) to have circulatory arrest to correct complicated intra cardiac lesions in babies. Surface cooling being a cumbersome procedure, these days both cooling and re warming are done on tile pump. In this technique of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (DHCA), it is safe if the period of arrest is 30 minutes or less. Between 30 minutes and 45 minutes, it is relatively safe. Above one hour, brain damage is likely to occur. In adults, the same technique is used for aortic arch aneurysms and pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy. At the time of circulatory arrest, retrograde cerebral perfusion with cold perfusate through superior vena cava (cerebroplegia) is practised.
Optic vesicle We have explained earlier that the presumptive material for the optic vesicles lies in qe eye field in the anterior region of the early neural plate. Experiments
Disaccharides can be understood as follows 1.Sugars made up of the two monosaccharides held together by the covalent bond; like sucrose and lactose . 2. Type of sugar (sacch
what is a limited resourse needed by all cells?
Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises Generally, there are two types of exercises: - Aerobic - Anaerobic Aerobic exercises are those in which the patient spends calories fro
During residency: This alters from program to program depending on the number of sites covered and number of residents. At McMaster, we do call roughly 1 in 7 or 8 (averages out to
taxonomy research cat
Analyse the model that highlights the factors which influence the environmental impact of a population
Q. Explain Barrier Techniques - Personal Protective Equipment? The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) - clothing, masks, eyewear, and gloves - is part of routine dental
Q. Difference between plant systematic and taxonomy? Before coming to principles of taxonomy let us discuss the difference between taxonomy and systematic. Systematic is the sc
Q. How DNA-RNA hybridization occurs Both DNA and RNA are able to form hybrids in solution with other RNA or DNA molecules which have complementary base pairing. Double-stranded
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