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Hypothermia : Hypothermia reduces the metabolic requirements of the body thereby reducing oxygen consumption. It also preserves high-energy phosphate stores of the body. At normal temperature, if there is circulatory arrest for three minutes, brain suffers hypoxic damage. At 30°C, this period extends up to 10 minutes. If the temperature is brought down to l8°C, this period extends up to 45 minutes. .In 1953, John Lewis used surface hypothermia up to 280C and by inflow occlusion method closed atrial septa1 defect while the heart was arrested for 5.5 minutes. Japanese surgeons started surface cooling followed by short period of core cooling to achieve deep hypothermia (l8°C) to have circulatory arrest to correct complicated intra cardiac lesions in babies. Surface cooling being a cumbersome procedure, these days both cooling and re warming are done on tile pump. In this technique of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (DHCA), it is safe if the period of arrest is 30 minutes or less. Between 30 minutes and 45 minutes, it is relatively safe. Above one hour, brain damage is likely to occur. In adults, the same technique is used for aortic arch aneurysms and pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy. At the time of circulatory arrest, retrograde cerebral perfusion with cold perfusate through superior vena cava (cerebroplegia) is practised.
Starr-Edward (S-E) Silastic Ball Valve Prosthesis : This was introduced in 1961 by Albert Stm and has different models for mitral and aortic positions. It is a cage and b
Extraradicular Infections Whatever the cause of post endodontic disease we should do proper diagnosis to determine what is the cause; is it intra or extraradicular infection ,
What is test battery A series of tests (called a test battery) will be given. One widely used battery is Halstead Reitan, which includes measures of verbal and nonverbal intell
Q. What are biopolymers? Ans. Polymers are macromolecules made by the union of several smaller identical molecules, called monomers. Biopolymers are polymers present in th
The quartenary structure of a holoenzyme contains four long polypeptide subunits composed of non-polar, polar and charged amino acids. All subunits are properly folded and function
Q. Management of Symptomatic Patients All symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis or even moderately severe aortic stenosis should undergo aortic valve replacement an
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Q. Why is the proximity between amino and ribosomes acids important for the protein formation? What is the enzyme that catalyzes that reaction? The proximity between amino and
Define about the Mid-day Meal Programme? The National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education commonly known as the Mid Day Meal (MDM) Scheme (was launched in Aug
POST-OPERATIVE CARE OF PATIENTS The first few days following cardiac operations are the most critical in terms of the patient's survival. The safety with which a patient can
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