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Hypothermia : Hypothermia reduces the metabolic requirements of the body thereby reducing oxygen consumption. It also preserves high-energy phosphate stores of the body. At normal temperature, if there is circulatory arrest for three minutes, brain suffers hypoxic damage. At 30°C, this period extends up to 10 minutes. If the temperature is brought down to l8°C, this period extends up to 45 minutes. .In 1953, John Lewis used surface hypothermia up to 280C and by inflow occlusion method closed atrial septa1 defect while the heart was arrested for 5.5 minutes. Japanese surgeons started surface cooling followed by short period of core cooling to achieve deep hypothermia (l8°C) to have circulatory arrest to correct complicated intra cardiac lesions in babies. Surface cooling being a cumbersome procedure, these days both cooling and re warming are done on tile pump. In this technique of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (DHCA), it is safe if the period of arrest is 30 minutes or less. Between 30 minutes and 45 minutes, it is relatively safe. Above one hour, brain damage is likely to occur. In adults, the same technique is used for aortic arch aneurysms and pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy. At the time of circulatory arrest, retrograde cerebral perfusion with cold perfusate through superior vena cava (cerebroplegia) is practised.
What makes the cluster of atoms of carboxylic acid functional group an acid? a) a non-polar O-H bond near another electronegative oxygen. b) an ionic O-H bond near another el
Megasporogenesis One of the nucellar cells situated subjacent to the epidermis differentiates into the primary archesporial cell. This cell is larger than the adjacent ce
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how many plant in the world?
How would you design, in principle, an experiment to test the hypothesis that a certain variety of lettuce seed needed daylight in order to germinate? You would need as large
Emphysema Emphysema is destructive changes in alveolar walls and enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal non-respiratory bronchioles. It is characterized physiolog
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What are some examples of biological activities in which osmosis plays an important role? Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) by entrance of water, the hydric regulation
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