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Hypothermia : Hypothermia reduces the metabolic requirements of the body thereby reducing oxygen consumption. It also preserves high-energy phosphate stores of the body. At normal temperature, if there is circulatory arrest for three minutes, brain suffers hypoxic damage. At 30°C, this period extends up to 10 minutes. If the temperature is brought down to l8°C, this period extends up to 45 minutes. .In 1953, John Lewis used surface hypothermia up to 280C and by inflow occlusion method closed atrial septa1 defect while the heart was arrested for 5.5 minutes. Japanese surgeons started surface cooling followed by short period of core cooling to achieve deep hypothermia (l8°C) to have circulatory arrest to correct complicated intra cardiac lesions in babies. Surface cooling being a cumbersome procedure, these days both cooling and re warming are done on tile pump. In this technique of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (DHCA), it is safe if the period of arrest is 30 minutes or less. Between 30 minutes and 45 minutes, it is relatively safe. Above one hour, brain damage is likely to occur. In adults, the same technique is used for aortic arch aneurysms and pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy. At the time of circulatory arrest, retrograde cerebral perfusion with cold perfusate through superior vena cava (cerebroplegia) is practised.
Wetlands and estuaries are transitional biomes. Land that remains flooded either part of the year or permanently with fresh or salt water is known as wetland. The internationally a
How does aggregation occur in sickle-cell anemia? Place the steps in the correct order from no aggregation to sickle red blood cell. Note that deoxyhemoglobin is generally in the T
Both these neurotransmitter strengthen memory when they are released into the blood stream following learning. Stressful events stimulate release of stress hormones from the adrena
A haploid cell contains: A.one half of a complete set of chromosomes B.several complete sets of chromosomes C.the correct number of chromosomes D.two complete sets of chromosomes E
Secretion of Hormones The secretion of most hormones (except steroid) is by the process of exocytosis. Figure summarises the formation, transport, release and reconstitution o
Explain the Primary Stain - Ziehl-Neelsen Method? Ordinary aqueous stains like methylene blue, crystal violet, etc. are not able to stain most of the species of Mycobacteria. C
how these can be called as acellular?
Q. What are the lichens? How fungi participate in this ecological interaction? Lichens are formed by mutualist ecological interaction between algae and fungi or between fungi a
In a word, what process provides the energy for muscle contraction
Explain Gelation Gelation, which occurs when yolk is frozen and thawed, is apparently due to the aggregation of yolk lipoproteins because of the imbalance and shift in water.
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