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Halides Transition metals react with halogens at high temperatures to form halides. These reactions have very high activation energies; therefore, high temperatures are required to start these reactions. However, once the reaction starts, the heat liberated is sufficient to sustain the reaction. The order of reactivity of different halogens decreases as: Fluorides are usually ionic whereas chlorides, bromides and iodides are predominantly covalent. The covalent character increase in atomic mass of the halogen. For example, CuF2 is ionic while CuCl2 and CuBr2 are covalent consisting of infinite chains. Co-ordination number of copper in these compounds is six. Fluorine brings about the highest oxidation state of the metal. This is due its small size and high electronegativity. Halides of metals in higher oxidation states are relatively unstable and get hydrolysed easily. For example, TiCl4 + 2H2O TiO2 + 4HCl Sulphides Sulphides of transition metals are prepared either by direct combination of sulphur with metals or by the reaction of H2S or Na2S with the solution of their salts. In sulphides, the oxidation state of metal is generally low because sulphur is a weak oxidising agent. These sulphides are generally coloured or black. For example, NiS, CoS and CuS are black, MnS is light pink and CdS is yellow. They are insoluble in water. Example: classify the following oxides as acidic, basic and amphoteric: MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Mn2O7. Solution: Acidic oxide : Mn2O7 Basic oxides : MnO, Mn2O3 Amphoteric oxides: Mn3O4, MnO2.
A hypothetical molecule, X–Y, has a dipole moment of 1.48 D and a bond length of 161 pm. Calculate the percent ionic character of this molecule
diagonal relationship between boron and silicon
The energy of the electron in the first orbit of He + is -871.6x 10 -20 J . The energy of the electron in the first orbit of hydrogen would be : (1) -871.6 x10 -20 J
In 2008, Safeway has converted all its trucks to bio-diesel B20 which is a mixture of 20% of bio-diesel produced from soybean and 80% of diesel in volume. It claimed that 34,000 to
The color of b-carotene The color of b-carotene is because of its chromophore of extensively conjugated double bonds. Catalytic hydrogenation would result in addition of hydrog
I have to write about the water treatment and the fda and epa and compare and contrast the rules and regulations for tap and bottled water and stuff. Can you help?
Types of addition reactions Addition reactions can be categorized into three categories on the basis of the nature of initiating species. (A) Electrophilic additions (B)
When the azimuthal quantum number has a value of l=0 , the shape of the orbital is: (1) Rectangular (2)Spherical (3)Dumbbell (4)Unsymmetrical Ans: Spherical
I would like to know why you stop heating the sulphuric acid before placing in the copper oxide in making copper sulphate crystals
The frequency of radiation emitted when the electron falls from n= 4 to n=1 in a hydrogen atom will be (Given ionization energy of H = 2.18x 10 -18 J atom-1 and h= 6.625x 10-
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