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Halides Transition metals react with halogens at high temperatures to form halides. These reactions have very high activation energies; therefore, high temperatures are required to start these reactions. However, once the reaction starts, the heat liberated is sufficient to sustain the reaction. The order of reactivity of different halogens decreases as: Fluorides are usually ionic whereas chlorides, bromides and iodides are predominantly covalent. The covalent character increase in atomic mass of the halogen. For example, CuF2 is ionic while CuCl2 and CuBr2 are covalent consisting of infinite chains. Co-ordination number of copper in these compounds is six. Fluorine brings about the highest oxidation state of the metal. This is due its small size and high electronegativity. Halides of metals in higher oxidation states are relatively unstable and get hydrolysed easily. For example, TiCl4 + 2H2O TiO2 + 4HCl Sulphides Sulphides of transition metals are prepared either by direct combination of sulphur with metals or by the reaction of H2S or Na2S with the solution of their salts. In sulphides, the oxidation state of metal is generally low because sulphur is a weak oxidising agent. These sulphides are generally coloured or black. For example, NiS, CoS and CuS are black, MnS is light pink and CdS is yellow. They are insoluble in water. Example: classify the following oxides as acidic, basic and amphoteric: MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Mn2O7. Solution: Acidic oxide : Mn2O7 Basic oxides : MnO, Mn2O3 Amphoteric oxides: Mn3O4, MnO2.
why ionisation energy of Al is greater than Ga?
Higher fatty acids - Carboxylic acids Stearic, Palmitic, and oleic acids are found in natural fats and oils like glyceryl esters. Higher fatty acids derived their names from
Uses of Acetic anhydride (a) Acetic anhydride is used as an acetylating agent. (b) Acetic anhydride is used for the detection and estimation of hydroxyl and amino group.
Q. How to calculate atomic mass of an element? Copper survive as a mixture of two isotopes. The lighter isotope (Cu-63) amid 29 protons and 34 neutrons makes up 69.17% of coppe
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Alkali metals belong to S-block ? why?
how ti find numbeer of neutrons in dipositive zinc ion with mass number 70?
2-Ethylbutanoic acid can be prepared by a malonic ester synthesis
Environmental pollution caused by oxides and oxyacids f nitrogen and sulphur
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