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FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the relative files:
The normal format for the SELECT clause for a relative file is as shown below.
SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor-name
[; FILE STATUS IS data-name-2]
Whether the file must be used successively or randomly, must specified through the word SEQUNTIALLY or RANDOMLY in the access mode clause the clause ACCESS MODE IS DYNAMIC it represents that the file is accessed sequentially and / or randomly in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
INPUT AND OUTPUT PROCEDURE IN SORT STATEMENT: The common format of the SORT statement can write as shown below: The format of the RELEASE statement is as shown be
Figurative Constants: The Figurative constants have several fixed names and the compiler recognizes these names and it sets up the equivalent values in the object program.
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
PICTURE specification: The size of a group item is equivalent to the total of the sizes of all the subordinate elementary items. The group item class is alphanumeric. The i
Example of Redefines clause: This illustration describes a sales record that may either contain the total amount of sale or the quantity (QTY) and UNIT-PRICE. The aim of such
STATEMENTS FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES: A basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its records. Whenever the file is sequential, there are three verbs for the
WRITE statement: The WRITE statement for tape and sequential-disk files has the syntax shown below. WRITE record-name [ FROM identifier ] As a resu
Data types available in COBOL are given below Alpha-numeric (X), numeric (9), alphabetic (A)
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
/ (Slash Insertion): The edit character slash (/) also termed as virgule or stroke, may appear anyplace in the picture. When used, it will be inserted. More than one slash can
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