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FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the relative files:
The normal format for the SELECT clause for a relative file is as shown below.
SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor-name
[; FILE STATUS IS data-name-2]
Whether the file must be used successively or randomly, must specified through the word SEQUNTIALLY or RANDOMLY in the access mode clause the clause ACCESS MODE IS DYNAMIC it represents that the file is accessed sequentially and / or randomly in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
LEVEL NUMBERS: The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure. A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers a
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
File- Section &Working-Storage Section: a) FILE SECTION: The FILE SECTION includes the explanation of all data items that must be read from or written onto some external
Non numeric: The nonnumeric literal is used in normal to output messages or headings. The Characters which are enclosed between " " constitute nonnumeric literal. The maximum
Floating Insertion The currency symbol ($) can emerge in multiples on the left-hand side of the picture. In this situation the character will be treated in similar way as t
REDEFINES CLAUSE: At times it may be found that two or more storage regions defined in the DATA DIVISION are not in use concurrently. In such situations only one storage regio
Plus Sign - edit characters for numeric data: + (Plus Sign) : A plus sign is alike to minus sign except that when the item is positive, +sign will be inserted rather th
WRITE STATEMENT: The records are written to be logical place as determined from the value of the record key. The INVALID KEY condition occurs in the cases shown below: (i)
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