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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
PROGRAM FOR INVENTORY We have to write a program to update the inventory file. Consider 2 files,viz, invfile an tranfile. Invfile has 3 fields pno,name,qty. Tranfile has 3 fil
SEARCH VERB: The SEARCH verb is used to position elements in one-dimensional tables. Let us consider the following problem. Assume that each element of a table consists of thr
Write a COBOL IF sentence to use the values of numeric variables EXAM and COURSEWORK , both assumed to be with format PIC 999 and in the range 0 to 100 and to move the value:
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
Abbreviation: The Consecutive relational conditions in a compound condition can be abbreviated in many cases as shown: (i) When the subjects in the consecutive relational c
OPEN statement: We know that the processing of a file should start with the execution of an OPEN statement. The file can be opened in any one of the 4 open modes - INPUT, OUTP
RULES OF REDEFINES CLAUSE The rules shown below govern the use of the REDEFINES clause: (i) The level-number of data-name-1 and data-name-2 should be identical. (ii) Exce
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
Buffers: The Modern computers are able of handling I-O operations independent of the CPU by means of the hardware termed as data channel. For illustration, if two buffers a
RULES FOR INDEXED TABLES: The rules of indexing a table with an INDEXED phrase are as shown below: (1) If indexing is completed for any one level of a table, then indexing
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