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Timestamps For Read operations:
If TS (T) < W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has already been overwritten by some other transaction. As the value which T wanted to read from Q does not be there anymore, and T would be rolled back.
If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed by some other transaction earlier. As T will be allowed to read the value of Q, and the R-timestamp of Q should be updated to TS (T).
Control as a State Machine Engine First let us define the state machine: "the state machine is a machine which is an object but not an application object. It is a part of lang
What is meant by mean time to failure? The mean time to failure is the amount of time that the system could run continuously without failure.
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how can apply joins on table
Security: In a centralised system, access to the data can be simply controlled. Though, in a distributed DBMS not only does access to replicated data have to be controlled in many
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write on the various type of relationalkey
Retrieve the S&S In-Chapter Database (in Microsoft Access format) from the text's Web site (or create the tables in Table 4-5 in a relational DBMS product). Write queries to answer
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