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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
Define Aggregate functions and what aggregate functions supported by the MySQL To calculate a summary value from a set of individual values and uses one of the functions known
Define canonical cover? A canonical cover Fc for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in FC and Fc logically shows all dependencies in F.
Explain Clustering file organization (i) Determine if a record of file is physically ordered on a nonkey field - that does not comprise a different value for each record - that
The Conceptual Level or Global level The conceptual level presents a logical view of the complete database as a unified whole. It permits the user to bring all the data in th
Explain the functions of data manager? Functions of Data Manager : - Convert operations in user's queries coming directly through query processor or indirectly in an applicatio
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
Foreign Keys and NULL Let us take the relation: DEPT DEPT ID DNAME BUDGET D1 M
how draw er diagram
This project requires you to perform a systems analysis and then design a system solution using database software. Ace Auto Dealers specializes in selling new vehicles from Subaru.
Implementation of association as an object Implement as a separate association object, independent of either class, as in Figure. An association object is a group of pairs
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