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Data Independence
This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of schema of the database, the schema instantly above it would need minimal or no need of change.
What is a function group? A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with every other. All the modules in the group are contained in
Creating views with Read only option : In the view definition this option is used to make sure that no DML operations can be done on the view.
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
Draw entity relationship diagram for the following scenario. A university has many departments whereas each department belongs to that particular uni. That uni has also many bui
Given the following relations Vehicle (Reg_no, make, colour) Person(eno, name, address) Owner(eno, reg_no) Write expressions in the relational algebra to answer the following
Operator Precedence The basic operators used in SQL are * / - + Operators of the similar priority are evaluated From Left to right Parentheses are used to force priorit
Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture. Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this: 1. Internal view is at the lowest leve
While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines DIR_SORTTMP
The clause in SQL which specifies that the query result should be sorted in ascending or descending order based upon the values of one or much more columns is Ans : Order by
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