Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking

It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction.  In this protocol every transaction issue lock and unlock requests in two phases. 

Growing Phase:  In this phase a transaction might acquire locks but may not release any lock. Here the of locks rises from zero to the maximum for the transaction. 

Shrinking Phase:  In this phase a transaction might release locks but may not obtain any new locks. Here the number of locks reduces from maximum to zero. 

The major concept of this protocol is that, all the locks are first obtained before any of the locks released. No new locks can be granted later than the releasing of any lock.