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Explain the Strength Design (LRFD)
1. γ Factors are applied to loads and φ factors applied to resistance.
2. Unfactored service loads receive a load factor γ > 1.0
3. Resistance values receive a φ < 1.0 factor to reduce anticipated demand
γuMu = 1.2*MDL + 1.6*MLL < φnMn
Where: γuMu is the factored service load
φnMn is the reduced capacity
4. There are cases where load factors may be less than 1.0 when the load may 'help' the analysis.
Operation in chain surveying
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short note
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