Explain in details aerobic respiration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain in details Aerobic Respiration?

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is further broken down in most organisms. This process, called aerobic respiration, requires gaseous oxygen and yields far more energy than glycolysis. Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes: the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP through chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The chemical reactions that occur can be summarized as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that dismantles pyruvic acid molecules, and removes energy remaining in its chemical bonds. This energy is then converted into a usable form by the electron transport chain. Matrix, the protein-rich fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. This conversion involves the removal of a CO2 molecule to make acetyl, and the loss of electrons (oxidation) to NAD+, forming NADH, a high energy electron carrier molecule. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:
(1) The acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the Krebs cycle to form citrate.
(2) Citrate restructures itself to form isocitrate, an isomer of citrate.
(3) Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon a-ketoglutarate, releasing one molecule of CO2, and reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+.
(4) The a-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH + H+.
(5) Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A in a process that converts ADP to ATP.
(6) Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.
(7) Fumarate combines with H2O to form malate.
(8) Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+to NADH + H+.
The cycle has now returned to the beginning. Since glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle is entered twice for each molecule of glucose, and produces six NADH + H+, two FADH2, and two ATP. Note that glycolysis and the Krebs cycle together yield only a net of 4 molecules of ATP, which are produced directly through what are referred to as substrate phosphorylations. This amounts to less than 4 percent of the total energy available in the glucose molecule.


Related Discussions:- Explain in details aerobic respiration

Head stream of highland brook zone, Head stream of Highland brook zone ...

Head stream of Highland brook zone This is formed by a number of small streams, which originate from a marsh, a spring or a glacier. This is a small shallow zone with an irreg

What factor below contributed to the current variations, According to the t...

According to the theory of natural selection, what factor below contributed to the current variations in beak sizes of finch species on the Galapagos islands? a. Finches dispersed

Explain the occurrence of vitamin B2, Explain the Occurrence of vitamin B 2...

Explain the Occurrence of vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) occurs in nature almost exclusively in a combined form i.e. esterified with phosphoric acid as riboflavin-5'-ph

Fowl typhoid, F o wl typhoid Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella G...

F o wl typhoid Fowl typhoid is caused by Salmonella Gallinarum , a Gram negative bacillus in the family enterobacteriaceae (serogroup D). Chickens are the natural hosts fo

Cytogenetics, describe five features of chromosomes used in cytogenetic ana...

describe five features of chromosomes used in cytogenetic analysis?

circulation patterns, Normal 0 false false false EN-IN...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Energy yield of citric acid cycle , Each of the three NADH molecules formed...

Each of the three NADH molecules formed per turn of the cycle yields 3 ATPs and the one FADH2 yields 2 ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation (whereas some measurements indicate in whic

What is ammensalim, What is ammensalim? Ammensalism is the ecological i...

What is ammensalim? Ammensalism is the ecological interaction in which an individual harms another without obtaining advanatage. Ammensalism is an inharmonious (negative) ecolo

Chemotaxis - modes of cell movement, Chemotaxis - Modes of Cell Movement ...

Chemotaxis - Modes of Cell Movement Chemotaxis considers to me directed movement of cells in response to a concentration gradient of a chemical factor in solution. An instance

Define typical ambient air pollutants, Define Typical Ambient Air Pollutant...

Define Typical Ambient Air Pollutants Particulate matter Sulfur containing compounds Organic compounds Nitrogen containing compounds Carbon monoxide

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd