Explain in details aerobic respiration, Biology

Assignment Help:

Explain in details Aerobic Respiration?

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is further broken down in most organisms. This process, called aerobic respiration, requires gaseous oxygen and yields far more energy than glycolysis. Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes: the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP through chemiosmotic phosphorylation. The chemical reactions that occur can be summarized as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Krebs cycle

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that dismantles pyruvic acid molecules, and removes energy remaining in its chemical bonds. This energy is then converted into a usable form by the electron transport chain. Matrix, the protein-rich fluid enclosed by the inner membrane.

Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. This conversion involves the removal of a CO2 molecule to make acetyl, and the loss of electrons (oxidation) to NAD+, forming NADH, a high energy electron carrier molecule. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:
(1) The acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the Krebs cycle to form citrate.
(2) Citrate restructures itself to form isocitrate, an isomer of citrate.
(3) Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon a-ketoglutarate, releasing one molecule of CO2, and reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+.
(4) The a-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH + H+.
(5) Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A in a process that converts ADP to ATP.
(6) Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.
(7) Fumarate combines with H2O to form malate.
(8) Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+to NADH + H+.
The cycle has now returned to the beginning. Since glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle is entered twice for each molecule of glucose, and produces six NADH + H+, two FADH2, and two ATP. Note that glycolysis and the Krebs cycle together yield only a net of 4 molecules of ATP, which are produced directly through what are referred to as substrate phosphorylations. This amounts to less than 4 percent of the total energy available in the glucose molecule.


Related Discussions:- Explain in details aerobic respiration

Measles, Measles: The causative organism for measles is paramyxoviru...

Measles: The causative organism for measles is paramyxovirus. Disease spreading takes place through the nasal discharge and saliva of persons affected with measles by dro

What is the probability that the child will have pku, PKU is a recessive di...

PKU is a recessive disorder. Suppose two people who were heterozygous for PKU married and had a child. What is the probability that the child will have PKU?

Ram ventilation, Ram Ventilation Some fish do not use pumping action f...

Ram Ventilation Some fish do not use pumping action for gill ventilation. It has been known for long that large tunas cannot be kept alive in captivity unless they are put in

Define the term - magnetoencephalography, Define the term - magnetoencephal...

Define the term - magnetoencephalography A variant ERP known as magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been developed. MEG, which is still in its infancy, requires upward of 60 elect

How can you describe pleural effusion, Q. How can you describe Pleural Effu...

Q. How can you describe Pleural Effusion? Fluid has a density indistinguishable from soft tissue on a radiograph. Pleural fluid tends to accumulate in the deepest part of the

How to make a 200 ml single solution, You have a 1M KCl stock solution and ...

You have a 1M KCl stock solution and a 85 mg/ml sulphuric acid stock solution. How will you make a 200 ml single solution containing 20mM KCl and 18 mg/ml sulphuric acid?

Adaptations in skeleton for upright posture, ADA PTATIONS IN SKELETON FOR ...

ADA PTATIONS IN SKELETON FOR UPRIGHT POSTURE - 1.      Foramen magnum is directed downward so that the head may rest vertically on the vertebral column. 2.      Four curves

Loudness, The sound levels of power, intensity and pressure are the physica...

The sound levels of power, intensity and pressure are the physical effects which the human ear receives, it is not, however, what the person perceives. What is being perceived or h

What percentage of the father''s body was covered by burns, The Jones famil...

The Jones family was caught in a fire but escaped. Unfortunately the father and daughter suffered burns. The father had second degree burns on his chest, abdomen, and both arms, an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd