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How does Tuple-oriented relational calculus vary from domain-oriented relational calculus?
The tuple-oriented calculus uses a tuple variables i.e., variable whose only allowed values are tuples of that relation. E.g. QUEL
The domain-oriented calculus has domain variables i.e., variables that range over the underlying domains instead of over relation. E.g. ILL, DEDUCE.
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
What are the Constituents of File? Also elaborates all the possible file operations? A file is organised logically as sequence of record. These records are mapped onto disk blo
Explain the Log Based Recovery Method? The system log that is generally written on stable storage consists of the redundant data required to recover from volatile storage failu
PART MARKING: For this section, we will use part marking. This means we will supply model answers to all questions but we will only mark six questions. We will choose these randoml
Suppose an instruction takes 1 nanosecond to execute (on average), a page fault takes 20 microseconds of processor time, and it takes 300 microseconds of disk time to read or write
Reflects organisational structure: Many organizations are distributed over various locations. If an organisation has many offices in dissimilar cities, databases used in such an ap
Describe the shadow paging technique.
Economics: It is now usually accepted that it costs less to make a system of smaller computers with the equivalent power of a one large computer. It is more cost-effective to get s
What is Conceptual Schema? Conceptual Schema - Conceptual schema elaborates the structure of the overall database for a community of users. It hides the details of physical sto
Find the names of all Albums that have more than 30 tracks. Result: (name: varchar(255))
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