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Define query optimization.
Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
In a Hierarchical model of data records are organized ? In the hierarchical model of data records are organized as Tree structure.
What is RDBMS terminology for a row? A tuple is a RDBMS terminology for a row
What are metrics for choosing the best algorithm? Matrices for choosing the best algorithms are as below: Computational complexity Ease of understand ability and im
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
Determine the rule that a value of a foreign key should appear as a value of some particular table is called a Ans: Referential constraint. The rule that a value of a fo
A domain is a set of permissible values that can be given to an attribute. So each attribute in a table has a definite domain. Values to these attributes cannot be assigned outside
Boyce-Code Normal Form (BCNF) A relationship is said to be in BCNF if it is already in 3NF and the left hand side of each dependency is a candidate key. A relation who is in 3N
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
How can you map NULL values to other values while display? IF( ) , IFNULL( ) keywords are used to do so. They are 'LIMIT' is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Ans
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