Explain Deformaties of the Cliest wall should be Noted

a) Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest): may be associated with Marfan syndrome.
b) Pectus excavatum: commonly seen in Marfan syndrome, and in small fraction of patients with MVP. An ASD should also be suspected. Lack of normal thoracic kyphosis (straight back syndrome) may also be associated with pectus excavatum.
c) Shield chest: (Broad chest with greater angle than usual between manubrium and body of sternum along with widely separated nipples) suggests Turners syndrome in a female and concomitant coarctation of aorta. In males, it suggests
Noonan's syndrome and is comnlonly associated with pulmonary stenosis.
d) Kyphoscoliosis may be responsible for cor pulmonale.